Punctuations Jane no longer writes fiction. 2) To examine the extent to which the identified patterns of graphology are signifiers of meaning? 1 10 The ,their ,him, this 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. It Preliminary Module 3 OF Stylistics AND Discourse Analysis This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. Stylistics then, is the outcome of the application of objective and analytical method of inquiry in the field of literary criticism. According to (Short, 2000), the principle of deviation occurs by employing abnormal forms of language and breaking up the reader's routine behavior; by this, unremarkable views and perspectives are replaced with new and unexpected insights and sensations. 1964: 50). For instance, a word may be meaningful to some culture while it may not to another. The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. Mobile: +65 8908 9326 On the other, it may bring to light, significant features of style which would otherwise have been overloaded, and so lead to further insights; but only in a limited sense does it provide an objective measurement of style. 3.2. the analysis of context, social and Status affects lexical and grammatical level. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Sutardji's 'Tragedi Winka dan Sihka' and J.E. Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. It is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings and express thoughts and feelings. (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. Required fields are marked *. (1964) were crucial for the expansion of the concept in linguistics and stylistics, they still failed to clarify the elements to be analyzed within this category. So, stylistics is a bridge science, creating a bond between linguistics and literature (Akwanya 2006:163). A lexical study of style involves the identification of the constituents/features of a word in a sentence. Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. different linguistics contexts. Lennard (2005) unlike Levenston also proposes a scheme of eight different descriptive levels that enhance the analysis of matters affecting graphology according to his publication The Poetry Handbook (2005). Quotations Stylistics also makes us appreciate that when using language one must learn to respond with the appropriate variety according to the circumstances. The linguistic levels of analysis have often been the hallmark of any stylistic analysis of a text. patterns of writing that distinguish the Graphology, however, is an essential part of the description of any written language. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Thus, if one says some sounds are similar or dissimilar, one must provide the textual or linguistic evidence. of pronunciation. and what was in the past. In its application to literary texts, it specifically focuses on the meaning and value attached to the text. 4.1 Significance of the Study of each language In spite of such common factor existing between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism, one finds that there lies a difference in their modus operandi, and consequently a difference in their evaluations. -Connotations The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. Examples: whole This short video discusses one of the important concepts of stylistics, i.e., Levels of analysis. CHAPTER THREE: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS. 2. These are regular features of his poem. Tel: +65 6509 9088 It therefore becomes the duty of a stylistician to bring about the close examination of the linguistic particularities or peculiarities of a literary work, an understanding of the anatomy and functions of the language. GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVELGraphology deals with the features that adorn pattern of writing which creates or produces an outstanding linguistic effect to the study of how writers pattern particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. All it claims is just that the process of arriving at the intuition must be made explicit and be backed up with the necessary tangible linguistic evidence. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. Let me, very remarkably appreciate the supports of the following scholars and authorities of English in no specific order: Dr. Yomi Okunowo (the Colorado Boulder trained scholar of Grammar and stylistics), my role model in a way as well as my indefatigable supervisor, He added strength to my consciousness, revived and deepened my sensitivity towards the study of style; Emeritus Professor A. Lekan Oyeleye of English Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, whose moment of sabbatical coincided with this programme and he taught me advanced meaning related courses and buttressed the impartation with sound scholarly etiquettes; Professor Joseph Akinbode, a passionate father who wishes his students what he wishes himselfSir, frankly, I became a lecturer, that moment you taught us the topic: The Character of a Scholar; Professor Sogbessan and now Drs. If I have a poem, that is a sonnet, with an octave and a sestet - can you then say that this gap between them is a graphological deviation? Read more about our Privacy and Cookie Policy. analysis of text we can know the authors Frequent use of a particular Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. context, thematic context, pre-existing before. Other basic considerations are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward strokes, and the smoothness of the writing. A study of English stylistics: Theoretical Background of - Kenyayote 2.1.6.5 Context Level: 2.1.6 Linguistic Levels of Stylistic Analysis Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? reader.RANK FREQUENCY WORD Status- corresponds with the social standing of an individual. PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. This graphological deviation foregrounds two different discourses used by the poet; army discourse in the octave, church discourse in the sestet." Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features In spite of this simplicity, style, technically could imply different things to different people. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. This was before Lennards proposal emerged. The stylistician may rely on his intuition and interpretative skills just as the literary critic, but the former tries to keep at bay, vague and impressionistic judgment Isidore, (2010:35). The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. Style also varies from one period to another. He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on. figure 1.2, or table 1.1 - It also uses chemical symbols, formulae, like H 2 O, H 2 SO 4, A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES AND COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE COLUMNISTS USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS ABSTRACT The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. 2.1.12 Typography (structure and arrangement) Stylistics has also moved from what Simpson (2004, pp. 3.8 Method of Data Analysis, Chapter Four: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Analysis in stylistics therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. Indeed, it may be daunting to try to attempt a stylistic analysis using all the checklists or aspects available in the literatures. need to be distinguished and put through an analysis to find out the foregrounding and the derivation. Alliteration According to the definition provided above by Isidore (2010), the literary stylistics can take the form of external evidence and the linguistics study can take the form of internal evidence. us to find out the hidden meanings to be In connection with the latter conception, stylistics critics have criticized the procedure of some linguistic stylisticians who pride themselves in the elaboration of form in textual analysis at the expense of the message and values (content) of the text. The converse of this premise (i.e. poem. (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics, Product oriented syllabus and process oriented syllsbus. There are many examples of graphological level features in written language. But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts. 5.3 Recommendations Unusual capitalization 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) It is discovered that some journalists report objectively, distancing themselves from the stories while some bring . Repetition of certain constants (nasal, 2.3 Theoretical Framework This traditional understanding of style has other weaknesses of being prescriptive and not descriptive in its nature and scope. interpretation of a simple discourse and meaning within the text. Factors of individuality-handwriting, lexical levels-words that one is fond of using. For her, graphology or graphemics is the study of graphemes and any other element related to the written medium, and of the linguistic system that is manifested through these: The study of such units [graphemes] in a language is called graphemics or graphology. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. 2.1.16 Devices of Linguistic Deviation In order to highlight the semiotic potential of type-face, (Van Leeuwen & Jewitt, 2001) have delved into the creation of meaning through certain graphological elements such as typography, print layout as well as colour. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics and its relation with linguistics and literature, Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions), Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky, 20196306 introduction-to-discourse-analysis. According to what is mentioned above, it can be concluded that both subjective and objective evidences are used by the stylistician. Levenston in his proposal above aligns his thoughts with Firths (1957) model of linguistic description, stressing the significance of graphology like that of other linguistic levels such as phonology, semantics, grammar or lexis for the study of literary texts. Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. E.g. figure 1.2, or table 1.1 . simple interpretation of a complex stream Anaphora: when we refer back to the situation, things, 2.1.15 The Place of Deviation in Stylistics Table 2. Graphology in this sense is not a branch of linguistics. 2.1.1 The Concept of Style: Historical Perspectives According to (Eva, 2015), the scale is organized from the more rudimentary elements the letterforms that punctuate the blank space in a page to the more complex ones the creation of a book as a complete unit of punctuation. McIntosh in his paper entitled Graphology and Meaning opined thus: I have used the word graphology in a sense which is intended to answer, in the realm of written language, to that of phonology in the realm of spoken language (McIntosh, 1961 cited in Eva, 2015). the invisible meanings in a text. Advertisement The focus is on the pragmatic and stylistic dimensions of speech. Poetry, the main focus of this paper, is marked Language and Stylistics: The reason why language is so important to stylisticians is because the various forms, patterns and levels that constitute linguistic structure are an important index of the function of the text. According to (Eva, 2015:2), this confusion is occasioned by two factors: the non-linguistic meanings attached to this concept and the varied treatment the word has received from dictionaries, manuals and works of reference in general. word/s Finally, Wellek and Warren (1977: 176) opine that linguistic study becomes literary only when it serves the study of literature; when it aims at investigating the aesthetic effect of language (Eyoh 2005). 2. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language (1). [] Graphemics also embraces other features associated with the written or graphic medium: punctuation; paragraphing; spacing, etc. 3) To identify the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. Pragmatics is Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. Available literatures in the field of stylistics reveal the fact that traditionally, stylistics is concerned with the study of style in language. Graphology is the study of handwriting as a means of analyzing character. FJH; What does graphological deviation mean in stylistics analysis? The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Stylistics is the study of style. Nature of participation-different language is used in a monologue and dialogue, What does the text tell us about the person using it? Definition and Discussion of Graphology - ThoughtCo Whereas linguistic stylistics begins and concludes its analysis and synthesis from the literary text itself, rigorously examining how a special configuration of language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter, quantifying all the linguistic means (including imagery) that coalesced to achieve a special aesthetic purpose; literary criticism does not suffer that restriction to the work of art under analysis. 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) in Asher and Simpson 4378). For the purpose of clear understanding of the study, the following terms are defined within the context of this research: (1) Deviation: Deviation is defined as the movement away from the linguistic norms and conventions to create sensitivity and inform, foreground and define the authors styles and peculiarities. and forming systemic use of sound in (Province), What social relationship exists between the users (status), Is there a specific format that is being used (Modality), Was the user deliberately manipulating certain features in the language use (Similarity). Detailed evidence of the morphological level will be sought in the selected bank adverts viz-a-viz their stylistic functional relevance. Meanings are judged through Generally speaking, both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism are concerned with the quest for matter and manner in a literary work of art. Stylistics hardly develops a theory of its own; instead, it relies so much on theories developed from other disciplines such as literature, photography, psychology, history and a lot more others. Latest Campus Updates, Education News in Kenya, Last updated on: June 18, 2020 by Elvis Nyakangi 1 Comment, Theoretical Background of language: English stylistics. Linguistic style also deals with the prescriptive grammar associated with the . From the aspects of graphological features, lexical features, syntactic features and semantic features, the thesis summarizes the stylistic features of English news report of public health emergency. This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. ), Questions that can help one analyze a text, Do not miss all our updates on English stylistics. Graphological Features: " Through these features, a stylistician can reasonably explore and give descriptions of the physical appearance of a literary text. PDF Stylistic Analysis of Deviations in E.e Cumming Poem She Being Brand