The abundant East Iranian-derived toponyms in Eastern Europe proper (e.g.
Who are the Kurds? - National Geographic While Iran (a homeland of a significant number of Persians) has a large amount of land covered by desert, the majority of the population chooses to live in other parts of the country. https://helpfulprofessor.com/persian-people-physical-characteristics/. Dalby, Andrew (2004), Dictionary of Languages, Bloomsbury. "Applying the European ideals of beauty, Persian women are considered to have many desirable facial featuresalmond-shaped eyes, full high-arched eyebrows, strong cheekbones, but the nose stands. Five of the most common physical attributes are listed below: Persian people are usually olive-skinned and dark-haired, which has been the norm for thousands of years. This is certainly not true as the Persian people have traced their genetic ancestry back to the first indo-Aryan groups that migrated to the area thousands of years ago. [70], The early inhabitants of the Achaemenid Empire appear to have adopted the religion of Zoroastrianism. New Persian literature flourished after the Arab conquest of Iran with its earliest records from the 9th century,[116] and was developed as a court tradition in many eastern courts.
Persians - Wikipedia At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire would encompass swaths of territory across three continents, namely Europe, Africa and Asia, stretching from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east. To these gods the Persians offer sacrifice in the following manner: they raise no altar, light no fire, pour no libations; there is no sound of the flute, no putting on of chaplets, no consecrated barley-cake; but the man who wishes to sacrifice brings his victim to a spot of ground which is pure from pollution, and there calls upon the name of Related Article: 10 Russian People Physical Characteristics And Traits. Apparently, the Persians themselves knew the story,[27] as Xerxes I tried to use it to suborn the Argives during his invasion of Greece, but ultimately failed to do so. [29], The Old Persian and Avestan evidence is confirmed by the Greek sources. For the left-leaning italics, see. Updates? Charshanbe Suri and Sizdebedar) begin on the eve of the last Wednesday of the preceding year in the Iranian calendar and last on the 13th day of the new year. So, now that you know about some of the common characteristics of the Persian people, you may begin to notice that you have something in common with them. [30] Eudemus of Rhodes (Dubitationes et Solutiones de Primis Principiis, in Platonis Parmenidem) refers to "the Magi and all those of Iranian (reion) lineage". Europeans, and certain South Asians (specifically the Parsi minority) showed the highest affinity with Iranians, while Sub-Saharan Africans and East Asians showed the highest differentiation with Iranians.[131]. For example, both Early Iranian and Slavic supreme gods were considered givers of wealth, unlike the supreme thunder gods in many other European religions. Iranian influence spread to the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, where Persian was often spoken at court (though a heavy Turko-Persian basis there was set already by the predecessors of the Ottomans in Anatolia, namely the Seljuks and the Sultanate of Rum amongst others) as well to the court of the Mughal Empire. The capital is Tehrn, a sprawling jumbled metropolis at the southern foot of the Elburz Mountains.
Himalayan Cat Breed - Facts and Personality Traits | Hill's Pet Diodorus Siculus (1.94.2) considers Zoroaster (Zathrausts) as one of the Arianoi. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The languages used are Parthian, Middle Persian, and Greek. The Persian is usually a medium sized cat, although she is massive and heavily boned. [56], The Parthians and the Sasanians would also extensively interact with the Romans culturally. The country maintains a rich and distinctive cultural and social continuity dating back to the Achaemenian period, which began in 550 bce. Genetically speaking, Iranian peoples generally cluster closely with European and other Middle Eastern peoples. Kmmel, Martin Joachim. Cite this Article in your Essay (APA Style), Privacy PolicyTerms and ConditionsDisclaimerAccessibility StatementVideo Transcripts. [48] Its legacy and impact on the kingdom of Macedon was also notably huge,[14] even for centuries after the withdrawal of the Persians from Europe following the Greco-Persian Wars.[14]. The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. (Dari, a variant of the Persian language, is the lingua franca and an official language of Afghanistan and is also spoken in Pakistan.). [51] Mithridates III of Cius, a Persian nobleman and part of the Persian ruling elite of the town of Cius, founded the Kingdom of Pontus in his later life, in northern Asia Minor. In addition to the Zoroastrians, Persian adherents of the Bah faith (which originated in Iran) constitute a tiny minority of the population, their religion having been strongly discouraged by the Muslim government. However, this is not entirely accurate. [32] 10th-century Iraqi historian Al-Masudi refers to Pahlavi, Dari, and Azari as dialects of the Persian language. [49] In Lydia (the most important Achaemenid satrapy), near Sardis, there was the Hyrcanian plain, which, according to Strabo, got its name from the Persian settlers that were moved from Hyrcania. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. The RomanPersian wars and the ByzantineSasanian wars would shape the landscape of Western Asia, Europe, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin for centuries. Pre-Islamic Period", "Arya an ethnic epithet in the Achaemenid inscriptions and in the Zoroastrian Avestan tradition", "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia", "Amazons in the Scythia: new finds at the Middle Don, Southern Russia", "Secrets of the Dead, Casefile: Amazon Warrior Women", "Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe", "Kurdish: An Indo-European Language By Siamak Rezaei Durroei", "The Iranian Language Family, Khodadad Rezakhani", "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes", "Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Populations of the Caspian Region and Southeastern Europe", "A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia", "Genetic diversity and the emergence of ethnic groups in Central Asia", "Ideja o iranskom podrijetlu traje preko dvjesto godina", "From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh", "Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population", "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians", "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists", "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", "Family Tree DNA Genetic Testing for Ancestry, Family History & Genealogy", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Distinguishing the co-ancestries of haplogroup G Y-chromosomes in the populations of Europe and the Caucasus", "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events", "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", "The Emergence of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages", "An Overview of the Andronovo Culture: Late Bronze Age Indo-Iranians in Central Asia", Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_peoples&oldid=1152070205, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, the Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Armenia, Israel, Lebanon, Georgia, As the name of the language of the Old Persian version of the inscription of, As the ethnic background of Darius the Great in inscriptions at. Another group of Alans allied with Goths to defeat the Romans and ultimately settled in what is now called Catalonia (Goth-Alania). There have been many attempts to qualify the verbal root of ar- in Old Iranian arya-. Hazragi dialect]. The modern Ossetians are believed to be the direct descendants of the Alans, as other remnants of the Alans disappeared following Germanic, Hunnic and ultimately Slavic migrations and invasions. In urban areas Persian society is stratified by profession; real-estate investors and commercial entrepreneurs occupy the highest position, followed by upper-level administrators, merchants, and clergy. The first written reference to the Parsa occurs in the annals of Shalmaneser II, an Assyrian king, who reigned in the 9th century bce. As an Iranian or Persian guy who knows a bit of history, Iran was called Persia up until around 100 years ago when its name was changed to Iran officially. About one-third of its 4,770-mile (7,680-km) boundary is seacoast. [35][36] The first wave consisted of the Indo-Aryan migration through the Bactria-Margiana Culture, also called "Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex," into the Levant, founding the Mittani kingdom; and a migration south-eastward of the Vedic people, over the Hindu Kush into northern India. [89] The origin of the Tat people is traced to an Iranian-speaking population that was resettled in the Caucasus by the time of the Sasanian Empire. Products of the weaving industry are both used locally and exported. All the advice on this site is general in nature. [20] The Tajiks of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are native speakers of Tajik, which is the official language of Tajikistan, and those in Afghanistan speak Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. G. Gnoli, "Iranian Identity as a Historical Problem: the Beginnings of a National Awareness under the Achaemenians," in The East and the Meaning of History. The term Persian, meaning "from Persia", derives from Latin Persia, itself deriving from Greek Perss ( ), [24] a Hellenized form of Old Persian Prsa ( ), which evolves into Frs ( ) in modern Persian. Iran also controls about a dozen islands in the Persian Gulf. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Iranian Arabs and Azeris genetically overlap with Iranian peoples. The Persian is not known for a high degree of energetic exercise, so attention must be paid to weight management. By the end of the 13th century, Iranian music also maintained a twelve-interval octave, which resembled the western counterparts.[128]. Dairy products, especially yogurt, also are characteristic of Persian cuisine.
Persian Empire - National Geographic Society 8 Stereotypes All Iranians Hate - Culture Trip Nestled on the margins of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, Kurdistan is one of the planet's most volatile regions, and its people are the world's largest stateless group. It is believed that these Scythians were conquered by their eastern cousins, the Sarmatians, who are mentioned by Strabo as the dominant tribe which controlled the southern Russian steppe in the 1st millennium AD. Brill and London: Luzac, 191338. [51] In all these centuries, Lydia and Pontus were reportedly the chief centers for the worship of the Persian gods in Asia Minor. The northern boundary vaguely corresponds to the beginning of the Taiga. [86] The oldest attested text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription,[87] a multilingual inscription from the time of Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great carved on a cliff in western Iran. Alexander the Great noun (356-323 BCE) Greek ruler, explorer, and conqueror. [89] The Iranian peoples would later split along sectarian lines as the Persians adopted the Shi'a sect. In rural areas, which are largely agrarian, social stratification is much less marked. Live Science - Who were the ancient Persians. There are an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers of Iranian languages, the six major groups of Persians, Lurs, Kurds, Tajiks, Baloch, and Pashtuns accounting for about 90% of this number. The name of this region was adopted by a nomadic ancient Iranian people who migrated to the region in the west and southwest of Lake Urmia, eventually becoming known as "the Persians". The name derives from the village of Andronovo (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5553N 5542E / 55.883N 55.700E / 55.883; 55.700), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. While almond-shaped eyes are relatively common in this part of the world, the specific style is versatile within the Persian people. This strategic positionand its access to the Persian Gulf in the southhave made Iran an important country throughout its history. The area around Mesopotamia was very fertile, which gave the Persians a life easier than some countries further south. Persian relates to ethnicity while Iranian encompasses a nationality. The Persians are known for their intricately inlaid metalwork as well as for their legacy of extraordinary architecture. Its been well-documented that Persian women, as well as the men, have some of the worlds most beautiful eyes. Corrections? Before the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century ce, most Persians followed Zoroastrianism, based on the teachings of the ancient prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra), who lived during the first half of the 1st millennium bce. Encyclopdia Iranica. [20] Herodotus, in his Histories, remarks about the Iranian Medes that "Medes were called anciently by all people Arians" (7.62). harv error: no target: CITEREFLawergren2009 (, the languages that are closely related to Persian, some of the world's most powerful empires, 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire, architectural heritage of the Sasanian Empire, "LORI LANGUAGE ii. The behavior of the Persian people was heavily influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity. The Parthian monarchy was succeeded by the Persian dynasty of the Sasanians in 224 AD. The main migration of Turkic peoples occurred between the 6th and 10th centuries, when they spread across most of Central Asia. As Persian people generally resist doing anything that would bring shame to their name or family, they are known for adhering to social expectations in their homeland. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, Physical Characteristics Of The Persian People, Divided Attention: 10 Examples and Overview, Machiavellianism: 10 Examples and Definition, Overgeneralization: 10 Examples and Definition, 17 Gender Stereotype Examples (For Men and Women). [127], Iranian music, as a whole, utilizes a variety of musical instruments that are unique to the region, and has remarkably evolved since the ancient and medieval times. Most meals include rice, meat (usually lamb), and onions and other vegetables, all uniquely seasoned with saffron, turmeric, rose water, mint, and lime in various combinations. The name Persia derives from Parsa, the name of the Indo-European nomadic people who migrated into southern Iranto an area then called Persisabout 1000 bce. Among the most important Persian holidays are the Muslim ds (canonical festivals); the birthday of the 12th imam, whose return is expected at the Last Judgment; and the Persian New Year, called Nrz. If this is true, who knows, maybe at some point in your familys history, they migrated from this cradle of civilization. [16] The Middle Iranian terms rn and aryn are oblique plural forms of gentilic r- (in Middle Persian) and ary- (in Parthian), both deriving from Old Persian ariya- (), Avestan airiia- () and Proto-Iranian *arya-.[16][17]. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. The following are according to 1957 and later linguists: Unlike the Sanskrit rya- (Aryan), the Old Iranian term has solely an ethnic meaning. Persian-speaking communities native to modern Arab countries are generally designated as Ajam,[72] including the Ajam of Bahrain, the Ajam of Iraq, and the Ajam of Kuwait. Indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia in: Barbara Brower, Barbara Rose Johnston (Ed.) As ancient tribes and identities changed, so did the Iranian peoples, many of whom assimilated foreign cultures and peoples.[90]. The second wave is interpreted as the Iranian wave,[44] and took place in the third stage of the Indo-European migrations[37] from 800 BC onwards. H. W. Bailey, "Arya" in Encyclopedia Iranica. International Mountain Society, California, 2007. Although of diverse ancestry, the Persian people are united by their language, Persian (Farsi), which belongs to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Part 1: Old and Middle Iranian
Iran | History, Culture, People, Facts, Map, & Nuclear Deal The early Iranian peoples practiced the ancient Iranian religion, which, like that of other Indo-European peoples, embraced various male and female deities. Persian villages often pride themselves on the unique designs and high quality of their carpets, most of which display the typical geometric figures and floral designs prevalent in Muslim visual art. Persians have contributed to various forms of art, including calligraphy, carpet weaving, glasswork, lacquerware, marquetry (khatam), metalwork, miniature illustration, mosaic, pottery, and textile design.[16]. [74] Persian language and culture continued to prevail after the invasions and conquests by the Mongols and the Turks (including the Ilkhanate, Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Khwarazmians, and Timurids), who were themselves significantly Persianized, further developing in Asia Minor, Central Asia, and South Asia, where Persian culture flourished by the expansion of the Persianate societies, particularly those of Turco-Persian and Indo-Persian blends. [76] Under the Safavid Empire, focus on Persian language and identity was further revived, and the political evolution of the empire once again maintained Persian as the main language of the country. Also, both Slavs and Iranians had demons - given names from similar linguistic roots, Dava (Iranian) and Div (Slavic) - and a concept of dualism, of good and evil. canal noun artificial waterway. Some scholars such as John Perry prefer the term Iranic as the anthropological name for the linguistic family and ethnic groups of this category (many of which exist outside Iran), while Iranian for anything about the country Iran. Most researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe. But note that these are stereotypes only. In 2022 the states push to pacify economic unrest through repression prompted widespread and debilitating protests, which were catalyzed in part by the death of Jina Mahsa Amini while she was in custody for improper attire. Persians live in a very diverse geographical region. [98][99] It was, however, later developed distinguishably from its earlier generations in the Steppe, where a large number of Iranian-speaking peoples (i.e., the Scythians) continued to participate, resulting in a differentiation that is displayed in Iranian mythology as the contrast between Iran and Turan. At least four sub-cultures of the Andronovo horizon have been distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east: The geographical extent of the culture is vast and difficult to delineate exactly. However, this is not the case at all. 4. Average Lifespan: 12-17 years. However, this wasnt wholly accurate, as while the Persians may have been semi-nomadic people who utilized agricultural farming, they were also some of the best warriors in central Eurasia. Their hair was typically long and tangled, and a large portion of the males had beards to match this. [36][37], Persia is first attested in Assyrian sources from the third millennium BC in the Old Assyrian form Parahe, designating a region belonging to the Sumerians. Retrieved 22 August 2017. The Iranian New Year's Day, Nowruz, which translates to "new day", is celebrated by Persians and other peoples of Iran to mark the beginning of spring on the vernal equinox on the first day of Farvardin, the first month of the Iranian calendar, which corresponds to around March 21 in the Gregorian calendar. [25], In royal Old Persian inscriptions, the term arya- appears in three different contexts:[20][21], In the Dna and Dse, Darius and Xerxes describe themselves as "an Achaemenid, a Persian, son of a Persian, and an Aryan, of Aryan stock". The middle class consists largely of civil servants and assorted white-collar workers. ), where it appears in expressions such as airyfi daihv ("Iranian lands"), airy ayanm ("land inhabited by Iranians"), and airyanm vaj vahuyfi dityayfi ("Iranian stretch of the good Dity"). The Proto-Indo-Iranians are commonly identified with the Sintashta culture and the subsequent Andronovo culture within the broader Andronovo horizon, and their homeland with an area of the Eurasian steppe that borders the Ural River on the west and the Tian Shan on the east.
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