james baines clipper ship

[9] Some of the clippers Baines was able to buy at a very low price following the Panic of 1857 and the onset of the American Civil War. She carried both cargo and passengers, fully rigged with royals and skysails on three masts. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armement_Bordes, Why conserve the Cutty Sark? Lightning | American clipper ship | Britannica It was not uncommon for US-built Clippers to cover more than 700 km daily, on entire weeks. Her figure-head wasa bust of her owner, James Baines, and on her stern was a globesupported by the arms of England and AmericaNote About Images, https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14774296724/. And when this ended, it went on with human cargo, immigrants to the US and South America or Australia. From Liverpool, she transported migrants to Australia. Send some art to your friends & family - for a birthday, an invitation or just because. The Lightning set the all-time record for a single day's sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854 Read More McKay's design In Donald McKay Sure ! (More to Come), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper_route The copyright is in the public domain because it has expired; The copyright was injected into the public domain for other reasons, such as failure to adhere to required formalities or conditions; The institution owns the copyright but is not interested in exercising control; or. They influenced naval construction to this day, also allowing frigates to be faster and mixed vessels to reach good speeds while under sail, often a viable alternative to mediocre or dangerous early steam powerplants. This page was last edited on 22 July 2022, at 01:24. Clipper ships were the backbone of maritime trade in the 19th century. The British and the Americans held the highest position during those years from 1820 to 1860. [10], Although it is hard to estimate the exact size of the Line's fleet as they used charter ships extensively, at its peak in 1860, the Line had a fleet of 86 ships carrying cargo and passengers out to Australia. 1782 tons, 60 m (196 ft) mainmast tall over deck, figurehead showing a white and gold angel. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. Her unrivalled passage, of course, brought her prominently before the public and she has already been visited by many of the most eminent mechanics of the country. Hence the highly competitive nature of these trading regattas. Displ. Record [ edit] Apart Opium and tea, gradually passenger transport was thought just as profitable as wealthier gents opted for adventure and exoticism by embarking at any price on these majestic tall ships. In addition many new such vessels were developed specifically for war: They were larger and faster yet heavily armed. Every framed picture is created by hand in our workshop by specialist framers. About: James Baines (clipper) I am writing a book on a woman who sailed with her officer husband & children to New Zealand on the Chariot of Fame. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The first post-Baltimore ship, also considered as the first proper clipper was an enlarge model called Ann McKim, built in 1833 at Kennard & Williamson shipyard, displacing 494 tons OM, with a sharply raked stem, counter stern and square rig. She has been inspired by a medium-clipper model of 1852 showcased at an exhibition in Amsterdam by the Dutch lieutenant-commander M.H. David. Description: Photograph of a painting depicting the 'James Baines' at sea under full sail. I am very interested in the diary of your forefather. all unframed prints are despatched within 2-4 days via courier or recorded mail. She is very heavily sparred and will spread about 13,000 yards of canvas in a single suit of sails. The Era of the Clipper Ships: The Legacy of Donald McKay Update now. Samuel Walters (artist) Original size: 536 mm x 704 mm. We only use premium branded inks, and colours are independently verified to last between 100 and 200 years. Her first trip would take him from New York to San Francisco, through Cape Horn, and Waterman was promised a $ 10,000 bonus if she could complete the course in 90 days. [10], The line carried more passengers to Australia than any other line. Californian-built made Liverpool-Melbourne on a regular basis and her first crossing in 63 days. The Lightning set the all-time record for a single days sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854. Medium Clippers were still impressive by their own right nevertheless. All passenger and crew rooms were well ventilated and provided with sufficient light. The Great Clippers 1820-1870, history of the fastest tade ships ever built Her bulwarks and houses are painted white and her waterways blue, and in this style she is also painted below.. She is so strongly built, so finely finished and is so beautiful a model that even envy cannot prompt a fault against her. 1900s iron-built windjammers sometimes approached those speeds, but only modern yachts beat them in terms of pure speed. This was circumvented by the East India Company which produced and introduced Opium on the Chinese Market, with tremendous effect in the population, hence the Imperial ban and subsequent two opium wars. Her bulwarks are built solid and are surmounted by a monkey rail, which is paneled inside, and their whole height above the deck is about 6 feet, varying of course towards the ends. Upon her first arrival in Liverpool a well-known Liverpool ship owner wrote to a Boston newspaper: "You want to know what professional men say about the ship James Baines? CONTENT. Her stern is rounded, and although she has a full poop deck, her after body surpasses in neatness that of any vessel her talented builder has yet produced. One of the last of these late 1860s Tea/Opium composite clippers was the Dumbarton-built Cutty Sark. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. Some of the ships of the Line also carried British troops during the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny. all greetings cards are despatched within 1-3 days. The first of these was aptly named the Falcon, that year of 1859. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Captain McDonald left the Parco Polo in order to take charge of the James Baines. Her remains, including the most of the undischarged cargo, were abandoned as a total loss amounting to 170,000 to her owner James Baines because the ship's insurance policy had expired three days before. We have learned about Captain Linnell recently but not much else. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_Ballande Copyright Office) before January 1, 1928. The record-beater Australian clipper Lightning of 1854. ), Boston, Mass. Bluss of Dordrecht. Their early inspirations has been French luggers operating in the Caribbean. Despite of this, Clippers, after disembarking passengers in San Francisco often went south, taking the eastern route to Asia and loading previous loads in Shanghai and other port, then sailing to Europe via the Good Hope Cape, and then back to the USA with more migrants. and the following year, in 1866, he participated in the great tea race with other famous shearers, Tapping, Fiery Cross and Taitsing. Details 1 folder (.25 linear feet) Passengers contract ticket for steerage passage is dated April 5, 1862 for passage from Liverpool, England to Melbourne, Australia, aboard the Lightning (Ship), one of the ships in the Black Ball and Eagle Line of British and Australian Ex-Royal Mail Packets The Rainbow was in its time the fastest sailboat. The term itself was controversial. Category:James Baines (ship, 1854) - Wikimedia Commons At Cape Horn, three sailors fell from the mizzen yard and died, and later, dysentery carried off 4 others. Dressed to the nines with a complement of 42 white sails, she really is a beauty. Like battlecruisers they were designed to catch up any ships or skirmish with larger ones. Huge, moving 2006 empty barrels, 70 meters long, its very solid hull had iron struts and was 51 cm wide at the waterline, the challenge was also the first to have three decks. Royal Clipper is an extra-special ship and one that turns heads wherever she roams. Not only she became famous by being the fastest of all clippers, but for her race with the Hornet in 1853, and by being commanded by a female skipper, Eleanor Creesy. The Clipper Ship James Baines. Both for long were the only cup participants, prolonging a long tradition. Of course the speed was showcased as an argument as tickets prices flamed up in some cases. http://joartcountry.gallery.com Teabel I have some books about XIXth ships, but they are not listing all clippers, far from it, only shining examples. James Baines (1854) She ended her career by hitting the reefs of Ouessant, Britanny, and sank despite the help of a French gunboat in 1876. The line rapidly became one of the most popular lines of its time, rising to the level of its rival White Star Line. By 1863 the first composite tea clipper had iron spars inside its wooden hull plus copper sheathing for anti-fouling. The same year, the British yard Robert Scott & Co delivered in 1853 at Greenock the Lord of the Isles, entirely in iron. Carrying wool to UK, she made the trip in 63 days and less hours, the world record. McKay would built almost a hundred clippers from 1840 to 1875. One of the most famous clippers she was known first for her exceptional speed between New York and San Francisco, nailing one record at 89 days and 21 hours in 1851, and 1854 in 89 days 13 hours. Ship builder Donald McKay laid all his skills and professional experience in the construction of this passenger carrying clipper ship, small faults that had been detected by him before in the sister ships were fixed during the building of James Baines. 1836 tonnage regulations were also taken in account. Discounts on postcard packs of 4, 8 or 16. The Black Ball Line Clipper Ship James Baines' with Troops for India.. The overall traffic by the Line from England and Scotland to Queensland is estimated at 40,000 new settlers.[10]. Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, James Baines - Some ships of the clipper ship era, their builders, owners, and captains; (1913) 0045 (14774296724).jpg. Impoverished New Yorkers or Easterners in general despite the ticket high price, bet their own existence on this trip west. He retired from naval service and died of pneumonia a few months later in his mother's cottage at Glenariff, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. As of today only one great classic clipper of the golden age survived: The Cutty Sark. Her sail suit was made by Messrs. Porter, Mayhew & Co., Boston. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. The legality of its business practices and the flexibility of its operations were controversial and often put the company under suspicion.[3]. From 1859 a brand new British clipper appeared, in total contrast with the American ships. The Rainbow with her magnificent and immense sailing area earned indeed the title of first extreme clipper awarded to the first real ship of this type, and the fastest, but it disappeared without a trace in 1848. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. She was known for her role in the gold rush and colonization of Australia, and transporting migrant to California via Cape Horn or to America from Europe. His owner, N.L. At Liverpool the James Baines was fitted and furnished for passengers by Messrs. James H. Beal and brother. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, List of people who sailed on clipper ships, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1858, Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States, Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854. Required fields are marked *. Charles McDonnell, late master of Marco Polo, took command of the ship. Please log in or create an account to save it permanently. Her maiden voyage in 12 days and six hours from 1224 September 1854 is still today an unbroken sailing ship record measured from East Boston (Boston Light) to Liverpool (Rock Light) - her homeport. Of course, composite or iron-built clippers became the norm. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. For once, we left the guns to rest, and turn the bar back in time, with one of the most glorious page of sail: A long tradition that still is revered around the world, maintained by naval schools and living museums: The magnificent Tall ships and the invention of trading race: The great clippers are unleashed ! Her masts called fore, main, and mizzen masts carried all in all a maximum of 43 sails as a full-rigged ship with studding sails. All our frames and canvas stretcher bars are created from a solid piece of pine sourced from sustainable European forests. Your email address will not be published. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. Namesake of James Baines was her owner James Baines of James Baines & Co. of Liverpool and Australian packets and was once described as "the most perfect ship afloat". Original file (1,280 955 pixels, file size: 895 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg). The Wenonah Historical Society has a model of the Eagle Wing made around 1872 or so and it would be so great to have some insight about life on board this wonderful extreme clipper. She won the tea race of 1856. It was built in New York on the plans of J.W. She has iron caps and is rigged in nearly the same style as the Champion of the Seas. The Champion of the Seas was closely followed by the James Baines, considered by most sailormen to have been the fines and fastest of the great Mackey quartette. warships and naval warfare from antiquity to this day. The Rainbow was really sacrificing cargo capacity for speed. Still, Clippers had common characteristics, including a generous sailing area, elongated hull with fine shapes at both ends. According to Lubbock, the Queen made remarks to the effect that "she did not know she possessed such a splendid ship in her Mercantile Marine. As the demand for passenger transport to Melbourne, Australia fueled by the 1850s gold rush grew,[5] Baines commissioned a famous American shipbuilder, Donald McKay to build four clippers for the line. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. She often ended her travels with part of her rig absent, as well as her crew. The ascent from the quarter-deck to the poop consists of two staircases, built into the front of the poop. More information can be found at https://flickr.com/commons/usage/. After this war, American clippers started to link with China and India, bearing some resemblance to the small and sharp-bowed British opium clippers in the 1830s. The ladies' cabin was in the stern section (aft) as well as the captain's rooms, the gentlemen's rooms were amidships to the ship's sides. Inscribed 'The Clipper Ship James Baines one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool'.Samuel Walters (artist)Original size: 536 mm x 704 mm. The ship had also state-rooms and dining-rooms of the finest design. Mr James Baines shipped the figurehead to the McKay shipyard, securely packed in a sturdy case. She was lost on June 19, 1874, loaded with cast iron, running aground, breaking in two off Saint-Jean (New Brunswick). Captains, ship-owner and architects raised as the superstars of their day, empires betting their fortune on the finest pure-breeds, with names carried with pride as an invitation to compete, fine lines, fiery temper, daring prows ready to cut the seas and break records. Added to very fine lines that went against carrying capacity, the ships had skysails and moonrakers on the masts plus studding sails on booms and extra manpower. In two or three trips, the ship more than made up for the expenses of its construction and maintenance. 10 for a single canvas (5 for our rolled canvases). Only 25 to 30 of these clippers were launched at a rate of around four each year worldwide. The main-skysail mast has been lengthened and fitted with a moonsail later on. Thank You Helen for your appreciation ! The ships were dirty and poorly ventilated. On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey." Donald Mackay never built two ships exactly alike, and the James Baines was of slightly fuller design that the Lightning and yet sharper and longer in the bow than the Champion of the Seas. Apart some exploits like the Challenger carrying almost her own construction price with her tightly packed tea and precious silks load, Clippers were least and least profitable. Her unrivalled passage, of course, brought her prominently before the public and she has already been visited by many of the most eminent mechanics of the country. Her mastheads and yards are black; the lower masts, from the truss bands to the fife rails, are bright and varnished, their hoops white and the tops and down to the truss band are also white. James Baines (clipper) - Negapedia From 1869 and the opening of the Suez canal, clippers demand fell whereas the first composite vessels appeared, soon to be replaced by 1880s iron-hulled ships. ); photographed by David Alexander De Maus. Good luck for your research ! One such vessel converted to passengers and mail was the City of Adelaide, designed by William Pile of Sunderland (1864). The following extracts are taken from an account of the James Baines given in the Boston Atlas at the time of her launch:-She has a long, rakish, sharp bow with slightly concave lines below, but convex above, and it is ornamented with a bust of her namesake, which was carved in Liverpool and which is said by those who know the original to be an excellent likeness. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantiers_de_la_Loire and G. Griswold, had him baptized during the greatest launching ceremony ever seen in New York. James Baines caught fire on Thursday morning, 22 April 1858 while discharging her cargo in the Huskisson Dock at Liverpool following her only voyage from India. Capt. [6] As the gold rush traffic subsided after 1856, James Baines & Co.signed an agreement with the Queensland colony in 1860 and ran a monopoly on that route, providing emigrants to the colony. Ironclads (1872), Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906), Courageous class aircraft carriers (1928), WW2 British Amphibious Ships and Landing Crafts, Infanta Maria Teresa class cruisers (1890), 600/630 Tonnes Type Submersibles (1925-38), Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype), Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype), Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus), Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype), SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949, Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950, de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN), Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible), Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952, Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953, Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955, Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN, GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971, Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976, Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982, Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106. The beautiful clipper was perhaps too finely made, fragile with a high rigging making her unstable and thus dangerous. 1 for a single card, up to 4 for a pack of 16. But in the 1860s extreme clippers left their place to medium clippers. The James Baines was one of four clipper ships built in 1854by Donald McKay for James Baines & Co. of Liverpool, who ranthe Black Ball Line of packets to Australia. While entering the Golden Gate in 1857,she struck Four Fathom Bar off Point Bonita, but managedto reach her wharf with twelve feet of water in her hold. The 1851 gold rush in Australia motivated the construction of clippers. http://www.baltimoreindustrytours.com/shipbuilding.php Another reference has it that the ship became a landing stage in Liverpool harbour for the debarking steamer passengers. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. The Chariot of Fame was a three-masted, square-rigged medium clipper type ship, built at East Boston in Massachusetts, by famous shipbuilder Donald McKay, for Enoch Train & Co., Bostons White Diamond packet line (Boston-Liverpool). 0 reviews This story begins with the arrival aboard a lumber schooner of young Donald McKay at South Street Seaport in the spring of 1826. The Flying Cloud was a tall ship and clipper, rigged as a three-masted barque in service from 1851 to 1874 under the US and British flags. Authors illustration of the Pride of Baltimore, a replica of an east coast privateer, blockade runner clipper. Clipper ship 'James Baines' posters & prints by Samuel Walters all unframed prints are despatched within 2-4 days via courier or recorded mail. Californian clippers were therefore built to rally San Francisco to New York in record times, in four month, and gradually down to 90 days as the Clippers became better and better. The fact they were very fast and made for speed whereas used for trade with the full knowledge that time was money made them the first clippers. Their shine lasted for just ten years but they will certainly raised the clipper as a genre, as far as possible by using sailing power. But by that time they were already composites and many had steam engines. Mr James Baines shipped the figurehead to the McKay shipyard, securely packed in a sturdy case. Due to their prolific sailing area, the great tea Clippers of the 1860s were the pinnacle of the genre, the fastest sailing trade ships ever built, up to over 16 knots (30 km/h) when the winds were favourable an the sea calm enough. She made four 'round' voyages to Melbourne and back to Liverpool via the Indian Ocean. The first was the composite clipper Marco Polo (1853), of 1622 GRT made in Canada. Flying Cloud | clipper ship | Britannica All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. The true first clippers has been the topsail schooners developed in the Chesapeake Bay right before the American Revolution, which took a prominent part in the war of 1812. Like frigates they were called composites. Still mentioned in the Liverpool Ship's Register of 1863 her final fate is unknown. But soon she was beaten back by the Lightning, made by the same yard for the same company. It is believed to have been lost by the PIDGEON. France, then far behind its partners in terms merchant tonnage (9th rank), implemented a resolute policy for promoting sail, by offering bonuses to yards, as their total absence of coal consumption made them interesting for carrying particular goods. The Challenge is without a doubt the most beautiful and the fastest, the biggest clipper ever built in the USA. Namesake of James Baines was her owner James Baines of James Baines & Co. of Liverpool and Australian packets and was once described as "the most perfect ship afloat". Australian clippers therefore were the last in use anywhere in world, up to the 1890s. Older pictures show the ship with only four square sails on the fore and mizzen masts, and five on the main mast. It was said in her time the style in which James Baines's hull was designed and built, both inside and outside, has not been surpassed or equalled, by any other ship Donald McKay has ever constructed. Black, white, brown, silver, gold or natural frames available, supplied ready to hang. The main-skysail mast has been lengthened and fitted with a moonsail later on. The disruption of the Secession war for international trade also, and gradual restrictions of trade in China, plus the rapidly moving nature of markets trades. James Baines & Co. - Wikipedia Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, Day and Son (printers); Rudolph Ackermann (publishers); Thomas Picken (engraver); Walters, S and W (publishers); Walters, Samuel (artist). Learn your sails ! http://wenonahhistoricalsociety.org/Eagle-Wing-clipper-ship-model-by-Andrew-W-Carey. 1850s Extreme Clipperss rigging plan. Jansen. On herarrival she was bought by Pilkington & Watson, agents of theWhite Star Line, for $150,000, and went into the Australiantrade. James Baines was a very heavily sparred ship being 2,275 GRT (Gross Registered Tons), she was wide, carrying 1,400 tons of cargo in her holds, and accommodating 800 passengers and crew in her 5 decks (3 continuous decks, forecastle and poop decks). Clipper ships | Mystic Seaport On the Australian line, thanks to the roaring 40, Australian Clippers had no competitors, especially packet boats and heavier medium mixed clippers. This page is not available in other languages. A knight in armor wascarried as a figure-head. Rather than crossing a still untamed wild west by land, they preferred the faster route by sea, via the Cape Horn. Donald McKays Sovereign of the Seas reached the unheard of, and record-holding speed of 22 knots (41 kph) on her way to Australia. James Baines | Passengers in History Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106, Detailed description on www.bruzelius.info, Short ship history taken from Houghton Mifflin's "Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia", The "Blackball line" with house flag on www.fotw.us, The first "Blackball Line" of New York with house flag, House flag of "Jaimes Baines & Co. (Blackball Line)" with smaller "black ball" than that of the American Blackball line house flag, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baines_(clipper)&oldid=1142545406, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:01.
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