eeio emission factors

The information is tracked by how facilities manage hazardous waste as generators, transporters, or treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF). The values for the disaggregated waste commodities are allocated based on allocation factors derived from the Economic Census customer classes, as described below. The element-wise product of B and adjusts B for the flow year differences and effectively converts B into a harmonized 2012 year form. When there is additional data available for specific flows which are not adequately reflected at the 6-digit NAICS to USEEIO mapping (as per Table6), a manual distribution of that data is specified as an input to the disaggregation algorithm. Google Scholar. The final model is provided in the National Land Occupation Totals By Industry 2012 v1.1 dataset44. The allocation percentages for the consumption of the disaggregated waste commodities by the IO industries are included in the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet of the primary data record, in the Use Row Sum, Commodity Output rows for the Business firms and farms customer class and in the Commodity disaggregation rows for the other customer classes. figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19100375.v1 (2022). 12, which is the weighted average of price adjustments in commodities that make up m (e.g. Prod. IPCC Emissions Factor Database | GHG Protocol The values in v2.0 resulting from Eq. figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17377805 (2021). They allow for calculating the added value that each sector contributes to the final output of an economy. In the original analysis, industrial water was allocated to NAICS 3133 using 3-digit NAICS Canadian Industrial Water Use statistics, scaled to US production by US GDP. For example, Table 8 of the GHG Emission Factors Hub lists factors aligned with the distance-based method. In past models, nonpoint air emissions from industrial combustion were not mapped to sectors due to insufficient data. Direct and Indirect Water Withdrawals for U.S. Industrial Sectors. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Summary text. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1517571 (2020). All nomenclature used is defined in the Table 4. 16, 157167, https://doi.org/10.1080/0953531042000219286 (2004). USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0. Technol. 32, where the sum of industry value added, w, after normalization and transformation to be in commodity form, multiplied by the total requirements matrix, L, results in ~1 for each sector, i. You can choose whether functional and advertising cookies apply. Name of source. 1a, Electricity followed by Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains remain in the top two places, but Cattle ranches and feedlots has moved into the third place. The Recycling Economic Information Report (Springer Science & Business Media, 2002). v1.2 estimated 2007 mining water withdrawals by scaling 2002 water IO vector coefficients in gal/$M by changes in annual employment53,71. Google Scholar. The commodity is allocated proportionate to the allocation percentages used for the 562111, 562212, 562213, and 562920 sectors in the Use table row (commodity) totals. 1. The increase in HRSP for Cattle in v2.0 is due to the improved modeling of dust from livestock31. Model coefficient matrices may be obtained in purchasers price through adjustment of values from producers price. Edelen, A., Hottle, T., Cashman, S. & Ingwersen, W. The federal LCA commons elementary flow list: Background, approach, description and recommendations for use. The v2 industry output and commodity output totals for each commodity and industry in the model were both found to be within 1% of the original totals. Themodified methodology results in significant sector disparities within agriculture, construction, retailing, finance, and household sectors. Birney, C. et al. J. Econ. This report describes the preparation of those factors with a background on the modeling associated with this preparation, and presents extensive analysis of the factors, including supporting equations and results in two appendices. If heat content is available from the fuel supplier, it is preferable to use that value. Reduction in emissions for ozone depletion potential for manufacturing sectors. Truck transportation (484000): the entirety of the 562000 commodity produced by this sector is assigned to the Solid waste collection (562111) column, as it is assumed that the truck transportation service is used in waste collection. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. Producing environmental accounts with environmentally extended (Springer, 2014). Perspect. The BEA Use table reports the data for final US demand by these consumers, grouping them at varying levels of resolution depending on the level of resolution of the Use table (i.e., sector, summary or detail). Ec is obtained from Ei by multiplying its transpose by the commodity mix matrix, Cm, and transposing the result. Where particular elementary flows are reported in both NEI and TRI, flows are maintained from the NEI only to prevent double counting. Water-Use Terminology. Briefly stated, monetary input-output (IO) tables give insight into the value of economic transactions between different sectors in an economy, including output for exports, capital formation and final government and private consumption. EPA's supply chain GHG emission factors are based on US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output models and are presented in emissions per dollar of spend. A summary of life cycle impact assessment results from v2.0 for 2012 total US production and consumption are presented in Table8. The indicator characterization factors for all elementary flows were built in the LCIA Formatter v1.0.263 as LCIA data products. How to select the correct project type and why it is important 36. The allocation methodology for industrial water withdrawal was modified for v2.0. Birney, C., Conner, M. & Ingwersen, W. National water withdrawal totals by industry 2015 v1.1. Also, change in inventories, y, is positive for commodities produced but not sold, and negative for commodities consumed from a previous years production. Yang, Y., Ingwersen, W. W., Hawkins, T. R., Srocka, M. & Meyer, D. E. USEEIO: A New and Transparent United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model. A comprehensive BEA-to-NAICS sector mapping table is built with these complementary pieces to the main correspondence. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/ (2016). The disaggregation process is carried out by disaggregating distinct sections of the Use and Make tables. Garvey, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. To prevent this, we apply a different allocation value to the value-added sectors of the disaggregated waste industries based on the intermediate industry totals (i.e., non-value-added allocations): where piW denotes the value-added allocation proportions, W is the value added matrix in the form of value added components per dollar industry output that is extracted from the full Use table, Vi denotes the industry throughput derived from the Make table (row sums), i'(UW) denotes the intermediate industry throughput derived from the Use table (column sums) and not including the value added matrix. Wesley W. Ingwersen. The reader should refer to Table3 for the source of the impact method characterization factors used to construct the N and D matrices. Total flows or impacts associated with a given amount of final demand are calculated using two perspectives that produce the same overall flow or impact totals but associate the totals with different sectors. The EEIO sector determines the region and sector-based factors which are used for estimating financed emissions. Revised methods for particulate matter estimates in the NEI were implemented since 2011, the data year used in v1.1, that better account for emissions of dust from livestock31. 158, 308318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.150 (2017). . The increase in impact intensity for Museums, historical sites, zoos and parks is explained by accounting for national parks in land use v2.0, whereas previously land for national parks was excluded. As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. Purchaser price reflects the producers price plus sale and transportation margins11. https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/ (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2009). https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2010/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017). Emissions factors The emissions factors can be collected from: - Emissions sourced direct from suppliers based on the specific goods and services used. However, these models did not incorporate additional sector disaggregation, did not include domestic model variants, lacked other environmental matrices and associated indicators described for v2.0 herein, and the full set of matrices for these models were not published. The disaggregation of the Waste Sector introduced changes to the economic transactions present in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use Tables that is used as the basis of the USEEIO model. EPA/600/R-20/001). In v2.0, water for mining sectors is first attributed to 6-digit NAICS using employment data before mapped to BEA industry codes. The major challenge with this section is establishing accurate IO transactions between the disaggregated sectors by using both monetary and material flow data. Alameda Countys Supply Chain Sustainability Report, developed using the USEEIO, provides a guide for how government purchasing can be a catalyst for matching sustainability with advancing the health and wellbeing of its citizens. These same year margins data are used for all years, however they are price-adjusted first to calculate a total year specific margin using Eq. With the pesticide loss model input data remaining the same, but inflation in the commodity as seen in the P matrix between 2012 (USD year of v2.0) and 2013 (USD year of v1.2) created a lower denominator in v2.0, resulting in a higher pesticide-related impact intensity (since dollar output is in the denominator) for this sector. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. An official website of the United States government. In contrast, in USEEIO v1.2, the comparable value added coefficients varied from ~0.51.5, because of a method to approximate 2016 value added from summary level data to pair with the 2007 Use table6 that led to a departure from this identity. The 2016 values are applied across all years and will be updated in more recent years as new data sets are . Federal government (defense) climbed from 17th to 7th due to an increased relative amount of HTOX. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1526371 (2017). 10. D is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each column i the direct impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. To fully meet GHG Protocol standards, an organization must report emissions from all relevant scope 3 categories. Water_national_2015_m1 no longer includes water withdrawal for hydroelectric power, as the USGS stopped estimating national water withdrawals for this category in 200055. Understanding the consumption-based accounting (CBA), production-based accounting (PBA), and emissions embodied in trade is an important prerequisite for designing climate mitigation policies. These include all the types of resource use and environmental releases/losses from v1.15 plus the three additional waste generation datasets created for v1.27,8. For v2.0, value added direct and indirect impact coefficients from N are ~1 for all sectors. Industrial water withdrawals in v1.1 were calculated by scaling Canadian water withdrawals for manufacturing by US GDP. Green Purchasing in Alameda County, CA zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370101 (2021). Econ. FLOWSA v1.0.1. The general equation for emissions estimation is: E = A x EF x (1-ER/100) where: E = emissions; A = activity rate; Changes in selection of data sources and methodologies for compiling these into a standard format are described below. The BEA IO sector codes are based on the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Parallel decreases to that seen in ACID can be seen in the SMOG indicator. Environmental flows are transformed from source data schema, typically NAICS 2012 codes, to USEEIO schema (e.g. Water withdrawal by industry was allocated to NAICS using BLS QCEW employment data. An exponent of 1 represents an inverse. The direct+indirect impacts are calculated like in Eq. This paper describes the development of the model and accompanies the release of a full model dataset as well as various supporting datasets of national environmental totals by US industry. This information is used to perform a default allocation of the expenses of the disaggregated waste management sectors along the Use table columns, except for the waste management sectors intersection and the value-added sectors. Domestic and rest of the world (RoW) impacts can be split out in the model calculations. 2014 generator-based characterization of commercial sector disposal and diversion in california. Data are assigned to sectors based on facility-reported NAICS. Ingwersen, W., Li, M., Young, B., Vendries, J. In Fig. AC-17-A-51 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2017). For Electricity, for example, SO2 and NOX contribute to 57% and 39% of impact, respectively. Increase in emissions for landscaping services. Young, B. et al. In v1.1, releases from the DMR were limited to nutrient release of nitrogen and phosphorous. Improvements in modeling national totals of industry and environmental flows are described. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). The M or N coefficient matrices may be used for estimating direct plus indirect (supply chain) impacts or embodied carbon, energy, land or water associated with purchases. National biennial hazardous waste report 2017. https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/biennial-hazardous-waste-report (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018). Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. The first step is a relevance assessment to determine which of the 15 categories are relevant to the reporting organization. For the disaggregated waste management sectors, the Make table intersection represents the amount of the Waste management and remediation services commodities (rows) produced by each of the waste management industries (columns). https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&type=metadata&series=EN.ATM.CO2E.PC# (2021). https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). Producer price is the price of a commodity reflecting an industrys cost to produce it including commodity taxes11. 4, EI is a emission x industry matrix of national totals of each flow by industry sector in year y, and xz,y is a vector of gross output by industry in year z, given in year y dollars. Li, M., Ingwersen, W., Young, B., Vendries, J. This use applies the same ranking approach used in Fig. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7. Learn More The overall consistency in the impact intensities and rankings between v2.0 and v1.2 confirms relative consistency and robustness in the model with some changes that can be explained based on input data changes or methodological improvements. Read more in their carbon methodology, available on their carbon footprint site. Calculate Procurement-Related Emissions - Salesforce Blackhurst, M., Hendrickson, C. & Vidal, J. S. I. In some . These values are included in the WasteDisaggregation_Make sheet of the primary data record, in the Make table intersection rows. The columns can later be modified with assumptions for individual commodity expenditures by the disaggregated waste management sectors as additional data is found. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects (2019). Young, B., Birney, C., Chiquelin, C. & Ingwersen, W. National criteria and hazardous air pollutant totals by industry 2017 v1.1. Young, B., Birney, C. & Ingwersen, W. National point source releases to water by industry 2017 v1.1. Point source releases to air reflect facility reported releases in these datasets and include both criteria and toxic air pollutants. 11:25-11:30. Report No. Social cost of household emissions: cross-country comparison - Springer Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Out of the total inputs to the waste management industry, 51% is due to value added sectors, with employee compensation being 29%, suggesting that waste management is a labor-intensive sector. However, in v2.0, releases to water also include organic enrichment, sediments, and other compounds tracked within the DMR. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Life Cycle Databases | GHG Protocol In v1.2, MLUs Total Timberland was assigned to timberland, while in v2.0, MLUs Forest-use land not grazed was assigned to timberland. Both versions of sector attribution modeling use the IWMS statistics on water application rates. Input-Output Accounts Data. To assist in quantifying these emissions, EPA has developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. International Actions - The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. Why Scope 3 Accounting is Broken in Fashion Industry - LinkedIn Real time updates can be found in the useeior software repository. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524318 (2021). J. These datasets are more current than the IO data, and more closely represent current environmental performance. Publications Office of the European Union M.L. The flow-by-sector method names for the corresponding datasets are shown in Table9. 31. is composed of xs:x output ratios and identical in its indices (rows and column identifiers) to B. If fuel activity data are available, the fuel-based method should be used, so the factors presented in Tables 2 and 3 would be applicable. 1. U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/naics/2012NAICS/2-digit_2012_Codes.xls (2019). State and local general government is split into education and other services in the 2012 IO tables, resulting in a fall in ranking but occupying two spots in the top 20. Shifts in sector impact intensity (as present in the D and N matrices) between v1.2 and v2.0 are attributed to a combination of changes in methodology for resource allocation to industry sectors, primary and allocation data sources, source data years, and economic growth or decline within industries between the related source data years, after the currency year adjustment Eqs. The Make table is an industry x commodity matrix with USD annual output of commodity i produced per industry j in USD; the Use table is commodity x industry matrix with amount of commodity i, in USD, used to by industry j to provide a good or service. 14. However, this interpretation does not hold for the pesticides that contribute to this impact, which include Methyl Bromide. Report No. Emissions are assigned to industries based on the NAICS reported by each facility. Changes in animal-related land impact intensity are due to modifying the allocation method for grazing land. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS However, Fig. Direct HRSP impacts in agricultural sectors for crops account for a significant share of total impacts (e.g. L, the Leontief inverse, or the total requirements matrix, is obtained from A, using Eq. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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