Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted. February 26: Congress passes the Fifteenth Amendment, which attempts to address Southern poll violence by stating that the right to vote can not be denied on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The first era, when the group was founded, was in the aftermath of the Civil War, particularly during Reconstruction. Leaders received death threats and prosecution threats on falsified and malicious charges. Thirteenth Amendment, Civil Rights Bill of 1866, Fourteenth Amendment, Ku Klux Klan established, Enforcement Acts. B. succeed. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. These were Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/timeline-of-the-reconstruction-era-104856. Andrew Johnson The Ten Percent plan was a Reconstruction plan for the south put forward by Abraham Lincoln in 1863. In the 1824 election, without an absolute majority winner in the Electoral College, the 12th Amendment dictated that the outcome of the Presidential election be determined by the House of Representatives. Reconstruction is generally divided into three phases: Wartime Reconstruction, Presidential Reconstruction and Radical or Congressional Reconstruction, which ended with the Compromise of 1877, when the U.S. government pulled the last of its troops from southern states, ending the Reconstruction era. The Radical Republicans were a faction of the Republican party that sought to impose a harsh version of Reconstruction over the former Confederate states following the Civil War. Douglas, who escaped slavery himself, was famous before and during the Civil war as an orator and writer fighting for abolition. December 6, 1865: The 13th AmendmentThe ratification of the13th Amendmentabolished slavery in the United States, with the exception as a punishment for a crime. Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863 only covered the 3 million slaves in Confederate-controlled states during the Civil War. Reconstruction policies officially end. December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875. create a focused rsum As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 In all three cases, the president so elevated served a single term, or singular vacancy, and either did not run again or was not reelected when he ran. 1877 These groups comprised activists of all colors who made bus trips across various states protesting segregated bus terminals. REACH Studio Art Center Open HouseREACH Studio Art Center Open House. May 29, 1865: Andrew Johnsons Reconstruction PlanPresidents Johnsons Reconstruction plan offered general amnesty to southern white people who pledged a future loyalty to the U.S. government, with the exception of Confederate leaders who would later receive individual pardons. It allowed for the direct election of senators to Congress. President Johnson believes that Grant has betrayed him; Grant now openly breaks with Johnson. Although the final legislation is less generous than Grant had wanted, now only a few hundred former Confederates are excluded from political privileges. James Fisk and Jay Gould tried to corner the gold market leading to Black Friday. I feel like its a lifeline. The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you This was allowed for federal intervention against the Ku Klux Klan. Hiram Revels In 1960, Ruby Bridges made history by becoming the first Black person to attend an all-white school, leading to the eventual integration of African Americans in white schools. Over four days, the insurrection develops into wholesale violence, with an uncounted number of victims. February 18: General Sherman's troops enter Charleston, South Carolina. He was the Republican Senator from Mississippi from 1870-1871 during the period of Reconstruction. Following Lincoln's assassination and particularly during the Andrew Johnson's presidency, the Radical Republicans largely influenced the direction of Reconstruction. Fall: Following the president's ruinous campaign, the mid-term elections become a battleground over the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights. Ulysses S Grant was the supreme Union general during the civil war and then later 18th President of the United States. April 27 1822 - July 23 1885. In the army, some whites fought to be included in African American battalions, most of which had minimal casualties and high performance compared to white battalions. April 4, 1792 August 11, 1868. March 1, 1841 March 17, 1898. Reconstruction refers to the period immediately after the Civil War from 1865 to 1877 when several United States administrations sought to reconstruct society in the former Confederate states in particular by establishing and protecting the legal rights of the newly freed black population. Over the years, Black Americans saw it necessary to seek equal freedoms and rights in order to eliminate segregation and discrimination. From a troop strength of one million on May 1, only 152,000 Union soldiers remain in the South by the end of 1865. All rights reserved. The amendment defines citizenship to include all people born or naturalized in the U.S. and increases the federal government's power over the states to protect all Americans' rights. - Facts, Debates & Timeline, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. When crowds heckle the president, Johnson's angry and undignified responses cause Grant -- and many Northerners -- to lose sympathy with the president and his lenient Reconstruction policies. Johnson's opponents are victorious, and the Republicans occupy enough seats to guarantee they will be able to override any presidential vetoes in the coming legislative session. January 1: President Abraham Lincolnsigns the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that the majority of the nation's slave population "henceforth shall be free.". May 22: Grant signs an amnesty bill he had advocated. Her work helped lay the foundation for modern codebreaking today. - Biography, Facts & Timeline, Oneida Nation: History & Connection to Paul Revere, Who was Edmund Randolph? Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. At the same time, Congress has weakened the president's control of the army through the Command of the Army Act, which requires that all military orders of the President have the approval of the general of the army (Grant). It is sent to the states for ratification. Media During the Civil Rights Movement | History, Role & Influence, History 301: Historiography & Historical Methods, Glencoe U.S. History - The American Vision: Online Textbook Help, US History: Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, History 308: Causes and Effects of the Vietnam War, Michigan Merit Exam - Social Studies: Test Prep & Practice, SAT Subject Test Literature: Practice and Study Guide, Psychology 108: Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, Create an account to start this course today. This deal was known as the Compromise of 1877. Hiram Revels was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate. Emancipation: promise and poverty. Once. Justices ruled that the legislation was unconstitutional on the grounds that the Constitution did not extend to private businesses and that it was unauthorized by the 13th and 14th amendments. Lincoln's lenient 10 percent policy upsets Radical Republicans, who expect the South to do more to gain readmission, and believe Lincoln's approach does not provide enough protection to ex-slaves. Blanche Kelso Bruce Fall: Southern states elect former Confederates to public office at the state and national levels, drag their feet in ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, and refuse to extend the vote to black men. He asks popular Union general Ulysses S. Grant to come along. His 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, detailed his life as a slave and is still read today. 1874 Reconstruction - Key Events 1863 November 19 Gettysburg Address 1864 November Union presidential election November - December Sherman captures Atlanta, March to the Sea 1865 April 9 Surrender at Appomattox April 14 Assassination of Lincoln December 6 Thirteenth Amendment ratified 1867 March Congress passes Reconstruction Act. January 10: Grant proposes a treaty of annexation with Santo Domingo in an attempt to find land for freed slaves to settle. The White League, a paramilitary group intent on securing white rule in Louisiana, clashes with Louisiana's almost all-black state militia. The "Reconstruction Amendments" passed by Congress between 1865 and 1870 abolished slavery, gave black Americans equal protection under the law, and granted suffrage to black men. Second Great Awakening. Events Lansing, Michigan Festivals & Events. On the night of April 14 1865, while watching a play at Ford's Theatre with his wife, Abraham Lincoln was shot in the head by actor John Wilkes Booth. City Council meeting 2023-04-04T19:00:00. Reconstruction Era. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources . Newly enfranchised black men in the South cast 700,000 votes for the Republican ticket. A riveting account of the event that helped give rise to the modern American militia movement. 1865 c. In 2-3 sentences, explain how the letter is reflective of political challenges Grant cracks down on anti-black violence in South Carolina. December 8, 1863: The Ten-Percent PlanTwo years into the Civil War in 1863 and nearly a year after signing the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln announced the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction or the Ten-Percent Plan, which required 10 percent of a Confederate states voters to pledge an oath of allegiance to the Union to begin the process of readmission to the Union. The events that all occurred during Reconstruction are: American occupation of Mexico City Establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. July: Congress re-passes its supplemental Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Reconstruction is the period of US History during which the United States began to rebuild the South after the Civil War. There were four candidates on the ballot: John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William H. Crawford. In 1-2 sentences, explain the author's main idea. Joseph Rainey The settlers are to receive "possessory title" to forty-acre plots. This Reconstruction strategy also requires states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, ending slavery. Along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. The case of Sweatt v. Painter was due to The University of Texas School of Law denying Heman Sweatt admission even though he was qualified. The Third Enforcement Act or the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, as it is better known, allowed federal troops to make hundreds of arrests in South Carolina, forcing perhaps 2,000 Klansmen to flee the state. It depended on the finances of successful African Americans and organizations of people of color, which were few. January 26: Virginia is readmitted to the Union. Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction. By the end of February, 18 states will ratify the amendment; after significant delay in the South, ratification will be completed by December. In the aftermath, 48 people, nearly all black, are dead, and hundreds of black homes, churches, and schools have been pillaged or burned. Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! During this time, the federal government proposed many plans to readmit the defeated Confederate states to the Union. January 14: Grant resigns his position as interim Secretary of War after Congress insists upon Stanton's reinstatement. April 14, 1865: Lincoln's AssassinationSix days after General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia to the Union Armys Commanding General Ulysses Grant in Appomattox, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War, Lincoln was shot at Fords Theater in Washington D.C. by John Wilkes Booth, a stage actor. Reconstruction Timeline. The Enforcement Act was passed. Sat, May 6, 1:00 PM. The war destroyed the institution of slavery, ensured the survival of the union, and set in motion economic and political changes that laid the foundation for the modern nation, wrote Eric Foner, the author of Reconstruction: Americas Unfinished Revolution 1863-1877. Que problemas sociales o polticos se abordaron con exito en la Constitucin de 1991 que no se habian abordado en la Constitucion de 1886. Winter: Black and white lawmakers begin to work side by side in the Southern states' constitutional conventions, the first political meetings in American history to include substantial numbers of black men.