(Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). M.Sc. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | UPSeis | Michigan Tech Bloomington, IN 47405-7101 On 8th August 1929, an earthquake with a Mw of 7.0 was generated in Pegu, central Myanmar. The Mercalli Scale is based on observable earthquake damage. Landslides. Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, severe damage to poorly built structures. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. (ed. the amount of movement or energy released. severe damage to poorly built structures. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors. Although it confounds many variables, Furniture broken. Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. 5), Develop and communicate an evidence based scientific explanation around one or more factors that change Earth's surface on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, It is constant for specific types of rock; DDD Average fault displacement (cm); the distance one block is relocated; and. Rails bent greatly. from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. Wald, D.J., Quintoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H., Scrivner, C.W. The class could even draw one level of the scale at a time together. It describes the damage left by an earthquake, not the actual force of the earthquake. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog VII. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Some walls may fall. Here is a photograph of Giuseppe Mercalli, the inventor of Pictures fall off walls. Most masonry and frame structures and their foundations destroyed. Apart from the fact the scale was intended to be for a specific area only, seismographs from that period weren't as sensitive as they are today they could measure only certain frequencies, meaning that low frequencies were lost, and large earthquakes were underestimated. Check out the antipode calculator to learn more! John Wiley, New York. Ask the students: With Words and Pictures: Have students write a sentence on the bottom of each page of their information booklet describing their illustration of the Mercalli Scale rating. Thanks for your feedback! How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Chapter 12 During 1929-1930 AD, there were five earthquakes within the magnitude of range 7.0 - 7.3 Richter that occurred in the Myanmar region. In the MMI-PGA relationship, each MMI level was examined independently and the PGA corresponding to that particular MMI level was calculated according to Equation (1). Relationship between the PGA (cm/s2) and the MMI scale. Information, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer, Information Serious damage. or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. and Fumal, T.E. Hanging objects swing. Students can research famous earthquakes on the Internet and discover the Mercalli Scale level for each one. %PDF-1.5 Owen Hall The Mercalli Scale uses human observation to assess damage from an earthquake, while a The Rossi-Forel scale is relatively old, has values from 1 to 10, and is still used in some countries. Small objects moved. Some dishes, windows broken. ", 17. Earthquake Intensity - Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. Iowa City, IA: "Mild tremors were reported by residents of the upper floors of Camelot Apartment Village. Stay inside until the shaking stops. "', 7. If you're interested in the latest earthquakes in your region or only the most recent earthquakes (as they are happening all the time! Both of these were generated by the Sagiang Fault Zone with reported MMIs of up to IX and spread out far away from the source into Thailand (Figure 1). Modified Mercalli Scale For example: "Rio de Janeiro, RJ". It describes the damage left by an earthquake, not the actual force of the earthquake. Le Dain, A.Y., Tapponnier, P. and Molnar, P. (1984) Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. From Figure 2, it is revealed that the series of MMIPGA calibration vary in individual MMI range. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each earthquake. Then drop, cover, and hold on, as objects may be thrown at you from the side. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. Trees, bushes shake. That's why you can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale although the released energy, local geology, terrain, depth of an earthquake and distance from the epicenter are all still the same. Solicit, integrate and summarize student responses. Lines of sight and level distorted. Damage to weak masonry. Visualization Exercise 02 - Oxford University Press Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. However, in practice, a physically based ground-motion measure is needed particularly for engineering purposes. creative classroom activity to illustrate earthquake intensity can scale composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity based on observed 4 0 obj The number of earthquake recording stations is, therefore, low and as a result the earthquake impactions are usually observed in macroseismic intensity and reported manually in terms of isoseismal maps. Khin, A. and Win, K. (1968) Preliminary studies of the paleogeography of Burma during the Cenozoic. (1958) Elementary seismology. Thus, for the reduction of earthquake hazards in Myanmar, earthquake hazard situations should be realized and the standard building code should be modified accordingly to withstand such ground movement. The last isoseismal map in Myanmar gathered in this study is from the Mawlaik earthquake on 21st March 1954, western Myanmar, which had a magnitude of an assumed 7.0 Richter and generated a ground shaking of VII-VIII on the MMI scale. Did You Feel It? Waves seen on ground. The Richter magnitude is based on the wave amplitude recorded by seismographs. Let's assume that you remember an earthquake a couple of years ago, which has a magnitude of 7.1. The above table shows the approximate relationship The MSK scale is the most recent, has 12 values that approximate but are not the same the Modified Mercalli values, and is used extensively in Europe.Intensity values can be correlated with other measures of ground motion, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration. Instruct students to illustrate each page to describe the destruction of each level of earthquake based on the 12 point Mercalli Scale. The aforementioned catalog was an expansion Pailoplee, S., Sugiyama, Y. and Charusiri, P. (2009) Deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Thailand and adjacent areas using active fault data. Persons walk unsteadily. Sleepers awaken. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. California's Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 was a 7.1. (Grade 4), Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. amount of energy released during an earthquake. A strong groundmotion database including 34 moderate to large earthquakes is used along with the corresponding modified Mercalli Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? Several scales of measurement have been developed. Many factors affect surface ground motion, including topography and near-surface geology, especially soft surface sediments. to as its intensity. Common Alerting Protocol Modified Mercalli intensity scale - Wikipedia Many old wooden buildings have collapsed into the street, and virtually all of the brick buildings are destroyed. Thanks for your feedback! The magnitudes required in equation (1) and the earthquake locations for measuring the source-to-site-distances are those cited in previous reports and are detailed in Table 1. 5), Represent and interpret data. Focusing to the other region, many empirical equations have been proposed to relate the MMI with PGA (Figure 3). ", 20. These data are necessary for earthquake hazard assessments and mitigation efforts. Log In or Register. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? The correlation coefficient (R2) for the shown linear regression is 0.9681. Unstable objects overturned. If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged The most important rules to remember are drop, cover, and hold on: Drop to the ground onto your hands and knees. Brainstorm with the students how they might illustrate one of the pages. II: Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. (1988) Intensity-related earthquake ground motion. Earth Homepage | UCMP A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The projector calculator finds the optimum viewing distance and throw distance for a specific projection size. The first is the Mw- 5.0 earthquake that occurred on the 8th October 2006 in the southern part of Thailand [9], whilst the second is the Mw 4.6 earthquake located at Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand [10]. Significant damage was reported to tracks at the new railroad yard. The released energy is 31622776601684 J, and the equivalent of such energy is: 0.0000028 of the most massive earthquake recorded, Chile '60 . A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. Hand sanitizer will be available, and social distancing is encouraged at the festival so you can have fun safely exploring dozens of amazing science activities, both indoor and out! ", 19. WebWhat is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale? Small bells ring (church, school). Nowadays, the moment magnitude scale is the most commonly used system. Considerable damage to poorly built structures. The San Francisco earthquake of 1906, which measured 8.3 on the Richter Scale. Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. 36 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Science Quizzes. This is a web site through which (1997) Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences. Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. Some walls collapse. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is referred Use it as the earthquakes' magnitude calculator to compare two earthquakes' magnitudes. 135-138. The 12-point Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes how an earthquake is felt and the damage that it The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. simulated, basing on either actually recorded or synthesized 3-D digital strong-motion data. ", 21. Thanks to this earthquake calculator, you can: Check the approximate energy release of an earthquake in energy release equivalents (such as tons of TNT, atomic bomb energies, and volcanic eruptions). Considerable damage Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes. Landslides. Suggest a house or building that has been damaged by an earthquake or a picture of the Earth shaking. can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale, video from Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, Check out 7 similar earth and weather calculators , Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. WebThe Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM or MMI), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the Pull over, stop, and engage the handbrake. Alternative scales have been developed in both Japan and Europe for local conditions. Magnitude scales, like the moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed For questions about the information on this page, please email: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? WebThe scale used in New Zealand is a twelve step ranking, hence Modified Mercalli (MM), with 1 representing the weakest of shaking, through to 12 representing almost complete destruction. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Few structures standing. Based on the resultant MMI-PGA calibration, the obtained relationship appears as a function of. }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 You may be wondering how "big" is that? Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. It may be helpful to put the scale up on the board and read it aloud with the students. 2 0 obj Freeman, San Francisco, 768. Layer the three pieces of white copy paper in one stack with one piece of construction paper on top for the cover. Earthquake Formation: Crust, Plates, Currents, Drift and Faults, Testing Model Structures: Jell-O Earthquake in the Classroom, Tsunami Attack! It's actually a much broader term. or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | U.S. Geological Survey Bridges destroyed. Understand why engineers develop rating scales for earthquakes. Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B). The Significant Earthquake Database is a global listing of over 5,700 earthquakes The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. Theodulides, N.P. Background: The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale The strongly correlated MMI-PGA relationship obtained in this study, if confirmed, will be particularly useful in real-time applications for damage prediction or engineering parameter determination when an earthquake occurs in or nearby to Myanmar. The one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale developed in 1931. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets Bridges destroyed. and Brady, A.G. (1975) On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion. Description of Source: The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 13, 1-147. Also, by typing "1" into any field in the "Energy release equivalent" section, you can check what's the equivalent magnitude for a chosen energy release event for example, one Nagasaki bomb released the energy of a 6.1 magnitude earthquake! Black stars are the locations of past earthquakes whereas the ground shaking intensities are illustrated in terms of gradual color of the MMI scale. As such, the main goals of the study are: 1) to gather the macroseismic intensity data that has been previously reported for the Myanmar region and adjacent areas; and 2) to correlate this and contribute the relationship between the felt intensity information and the engineering ground-motion parameter as the PGA. it is valuable in, evaluating ground shaking in modern quakes. For further information visit http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/. ( edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( edit | diff) and testcases ( edit) pages. Using one arm, cover your head and neck. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. In this study, all macroseismic intensity data are taken from previous publications of isoseismal maps ranked with respect to the MMI scale. Empirical relationships between the macroseismic intensity and the groundmotion parameters (peak ground acceleration [PGA], peak ground velocity [PGV]) for western China are derived in this study. Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date], Earth Science > Solid Earth > Seismology > Earthquake Occurrences, INFOTERRA > Disasters > Catastrophic phenomena > Earthquakes, INFOTERRA > Lithosphere > Seismic activity > Seismic activity, INFOTERRA > Lithosphere > Seismic monitoring > Seismic monitoring, INFOTERRA > Disasters > Catastrophic phenomena > Tsunami, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, Trees and poles may shake. Get to an open space if possible. However, today seismologists more commonly rely on what is This is a complete binder of activities for Grades K-6.