A Farewell to Arms is particularly notable for its autobiographical elements. She and Henry take a taxi to the hospital. Among his occasional poems are The Honour of the Garter, which has a prologue containing Peele's judgments on his contemporaries, and Polyhymnia (1590), a blank verse description of the ceremonies attending the retirement of the queen's champion, Sir Henry Lee. George Peele (baptised 25 July 1556 buried 9 November 1596) was an English translator, poet, and dramatist, who is most noted for his supposed but not universally accepted collaboration with William Shakespeare on the play Titus Andronicus. Professor Francis Barton Gummere, in a critical essay prefixed to his edition of The Old Wives Tale, puts in another claim for Peele. The novel may take its name from a 16th-century poem by the English dramatist George Peele. Once there, he reunites with Catherine, and the couple flee Italy by crossing the border into neutral Switzerland. Edward III was attributed to Peele by Tucker Brooke in 1908. more, All George Peele poems | George Peele Books. A Farewell to Arms is an occasional sonnet written by George Peele. His youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurn'd, But spurn'd in vain; youth waneth by increasing: Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen; Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. George Peele, was an English dramatist. Poetry Places, Poetry Places The Library of the Worlds Best Literature. [12] "In the minds of at least some of those who have voiced such views a process of circular reasoning must have unconsciously taken place: Meres' statement that Peele died by the pox means that Peele was dissipated, since the hero of the Jests is dissipated. [Polyhymnia: Describing, The honourable Triumph at Tylt, before her Maiestie, on the 17. of Nouember, last past, being the first day of the three and thirtith yeare of her Highnesse raigne. And feed on pray'rs, that are Age his alms. He was also complimented by Dr. Gager for an English verse translation of one of the Iphigenias of Euripides. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. Peele belonged to the group of university scholars who, in Greene's phrase, "spent their wits in making playes." Hemingway authentically replicated the way soldiers speak in times of warprofanities and all. Edward III was attributed to Peele by Tucker Brooke in 1908. However, there is no evidence to suggest that Hemingway knew of the poems existence, let alone took its title. Banana artwork taped to a wall is EATEN by museum visitor A Farewell to Arms: Hemingway and Peele - JSTOR 1587), The Wisdom of Dr. Doddypoll (printed 1600), The Maid's Metamorphosis (printed 1600), and Wily Beguiled (printed 1606) though the scholarly consensus has judged these attributions to be insufficiently supported by evidence. In the aftermath of the explosion, the injured Hemingway reportedly carried a man to safety. George Peele : Read Poems by Poet George Peele - PoetryNook.Com [21] While it must be said that Hook and Horne are writing for the same edition with Charles Tyler Prouty as general editor, this ties directly with Horne's supposition [22] that this is the same George Peele, for the George Peele who married Mary Gates was the widow of the former Master-Gunner of Berghen-op-Zoom, Lawrence Gates, and Mary and George Peele entered a lengthy legal battle to collect Mary's war widow salary. A Poet on a Magical Journey Home If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE. His play Edward I was printed in 1593. The Lost Generation Image And Code Hero In A Farewell To Arms A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) - Poet and Poem Many of the stories had circulated before in other jestbooks, unattached to Peele's name, but there are personal touches that may be biographical. When the knight perceives duty, faith, and love as eternal verities, when he honors his God and his Queen, he is accepting the most cherished ideals of the sixteenth century. by George Peele. Creizenach's view that David and Bethsabe is the "product of a crapulous morality dating from the last years of the poet's dissolute life" as having a questionable basis "Peele was in most respects like his fellow Elizabethans, morally neither better or worse, aesthetically more perceptive; in technical skill equal to his fellow poets; in the sweetness of his piping superior to all but Marlowe, Spenser, and Shakespeare."[19]. The Best Poem Of George Peele A Farewell To Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! This involved a three-year litigation against Thomas Gurlyn, who was a buyer of soldiers' uncollected wages, who countersued Mary on allegations that she had forged Lawrence Gates's will. in 1579. Robert Greene, at the end of his pamphlet Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit, exhorts Peele to repentance, saying that he has, like himself, "been driven to extreme shifts for a living." He went up to London about 1580, but in 1583 when Albertus Alasco (Albert Laski), a Polish nobleman, was entertained at Christ Church, Peele was entrusted with the arrangement of two Latin plays by William Gager (fl. Contents [23] The record does not show whether Gurlyn, who stalled payment, ever actually paid what he owed to the Peeles, despite Peele obtaining a verdict against him. Omissions? Posted by griffr12 in Uncategorized. The Journals Division publishes 85 journals in the arts and humanities, technology and medicine, higher education, history, political science, and library science. During this time their relationship deepens. A Farewell to Arms is an occasional sonnet written by George Peele. A man at Armes must now serve on his knees, At age 26, von Kurowsky was seven years his senior. The division also manages membership services for more than 50 scholarly and professional associations and societies. A Farewell to Arms To Queen Elizabeth. Catherine soon becomes pregnant by Henry but refuses to marry him. The title is taken from a poem by 16th-century English dramatist George Peele. B His youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurn'd, A But spurn'd in vain; youth waneth by increasing: B in 1579. Similarly, though in many ways Hemingway's Farewell is confessional, it too speaks in its opening lines not just for Frederic Henry but for his generation. His youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurn'd, But spurn'd in vain; youth waneth by increasing: Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen; Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. [1] Peele may have written or contributed to the bloody tragedy Titus Andronicus, which was published as the work of Shakespeare. A Farewell to Arms has endured as one of the greatest war novels in American literature. 1961 The Johns Hopkins University Press The credit given to Greene and Marlowe for the increased dignity of English dramatic diction, and for the new smoothness infused into blank verse, must certainly be shared by Peele. This was the Descensus Astraeae (printed in the Harleian Miscellany, 1808), in which Queen Elizabeth is honoured as Astraea. Bipolar Poetry Unlike the serial, the novel enjoyed a generally warm reception. degree in 1577, and proceeding M.A. HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! The Well Read Poem: S7E1: "A Farewell to Arms" by George Peele Frank S. Hook, who edited a 1961 edition of Edward I,[20] suggests that David H. Horne's speculation in the first volume of the same edition is correct in believing this is the same George Peele based on a fictitious incident in the play's first scene: Peele may be more interested in what should be done than in what actually has been done. Although it has become a commonly accepted "fact," it is only assumed that Hemingway consciously borrowed his title from the George Peele poem. The DayPoems web site, www.daypoems.net, is copyright 2001-2005 by Timothy K. Bovee. In the contrast between the romantic story and the realistic dialogue he sees the first instance of humour quite foreign to the comic business of earlier comedy. This was the Descensus Astraeae (printed in the Harleian Miscellany, 1808), in which Queen Elizabeth is honoured as Astraea. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A Farewell to Arms What's Up With the Title? | Shmoop It is the coda of Peele's Polyhymnia, written for the Accession Day tilt of 1590. A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway | Goodreads A Farewell to Arms was published in the same year as Erich Maria Remarques magnum opus Im Westen nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front), which details the daily horrors of war on the Western front in laconic understatement. In her letters, von Kurowsky called Hemingway Kid. He called her Mrs. My Helmet now shall make a hive for bees A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! A Farewell To Arms: To Queen Elizabeth. Peele died "of the pox," according to Francis Meres, and was buried on 9 November 1596 in St James's Church, Clerkenwell. Plays HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. 1588, printed 1599), which is notable as an example of Elizabethan drama drawn entirely from Scriptural sources. Sir Clyomon and Sir Clamydes (printed 1599) has been attributed to Peele, but on insufficient grounds. . described But though from Court to Cottage I depart, Anne married John Alford on 14 May 1565 and had one son, Robert (9 October 1567 c.12 March 1654/5). Likewise, the Acts of Privy Council for the period after 1590, when soldiers began returning from Willoughby's expedition to France, demonstrate the care of wounded veterans was becoming an increasingly embarrassing problem for Elizabeth's government. Minor works He tries to say goodbye but cannot. She broke off the relationship in a letter dated March 7, 1919, not long after Hemingway returned to his home in Oak Park, Illinois. [1] The prior thirteen parts of Polyhymnia are each blank verse descriptions of pairs of contestants with vague impressions of their combat, though Peele does not name the victors. Miscellaneous poems. A number of revised editions have been published. [25] Horne also speculates that Peele himself may have been a soldier.[26]. In all, he absorbed more than 200 pieces of shrapnelby his own count, 237. Many Italians resented Hemingways (highly accurate) depiction of the Italian retreat after the Battle of Caporetto. Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. George Peele was born on or around 25 July 1556. Grief turns the hero away from, rather than toward, a deeper examination of life. Although Hemingway referred to the novel as his Romeo and Juliet, the tone of A Farewell to Arms is lyric and pathetic rather than tragic. The work was first published serially in the United States in Scribners Magazine between May and October 1929. This theory is in part due to Peele's predilection for gore, as evidenced in The Battle of Alcazar (acted 1588-1589, printed 1594), published anonymously, which is attributed with much probability to him. "A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth)" Poetry.com. A Farewell To Arms: To Queen Elizabeth by George Peele George Peele (Author of The Old Wife's Tale) - Goodreads George Peele, was an English dramatist. Professor F. B. Gummere, in a critical essay prefixed to his edition of The Old Wives Tale, puts in another claim for Peele. Fitzgerald suggested Hemingway end the novel with the observation that the world breaks everyone, and those it does not break it kills. In the end, Hemingway chose not to take Fitzgeralds advice. Among his occasional poems are The Honour of the Garter, which has a prologue containing Peele's judgments on his contemporaries, and Polyhymnia (1590), a blank verse description of the ceremonies attending the retirement of the queens' champion, Sir Henry Lee. 1 May 2023. Its depiction of the existential disillusionment of the Lost Generation echoes his early short stories and his first major novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Anecdotes of his reckless life were emphasized by the use of his name in connection with the apocryphal Merrie conceited Jests of George Peele (printed in 1607). Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. It was like saying good-bye to a statue. The student, Noh Huyn-soo, boldly taped the peel to the wall after eating the banana. . He awards this to Venus who carries Paris away, leaving his wife Oenone disconsolate. told . And when he saddest sits in homely cell, He'll teach his swains this carol for a song,-- 'Blest be the hearts that wish my sovereign well, Curst be the souls that think her any wrong.' During World War I, Hemingway worked as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. This article is about the 1590 poem by George Peele. Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen, HEMINGWAY AND PEELE: CHAPTER I OF A FAREWELL TO ARMS Robert E. Fleming University of New Mexico Two recent critical studies of A Farewell to Arms have examined the connection between George Peele's poem "A Farewell to Arms" and the Ernest Hemingway novel. Blest be the hearts that wish my Sovereigne well, Project MUSE In the scene, Edward I establishes a "colledge" for wounded soldiers, something he did not do in real life, nor was this something Elizabeth did, although in 1587, the Earl of Leicester had done so in Elizabeth's name, at the Galthius. While working with the Italian ambulance service during World War I (191418), the American lieutenant Frederic Henry meets the English nurse Catherine Barkley. Comment on this poem, any poem, DayPoems, other poetry places or the art of poetry at DayPoems Feedback. An examination of the metrical peculiarities of his work is to be found in Richard Lmmerhirt's Georg Peele, Untersuchungen ber sein Leben und seine Werke (Rostock, 1882). Peele was christened on 25 July 1556 at St James Garlickhythe in the City of London. An examination of the metrical peculiarities of his work is to be found in Richard Lmmerhirt's Georg Peele, Untersuchungen ber sein Leben und seine Werke (Rostock, 1882). His youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurn'd, But spurn'd in vain; youth waneth by increasing: Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen; Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. My Saint is sure of mine unspotted heart. A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) By George Peele 1558?-1597 HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. oarena.net, Furby, Eliza, Mr_Friss and Miss_Friss. Henry journeys to Stresa by train. Goddess, vouchsafe this aged man his right One of the eight boarding houses at the modern Horsham campus of Christ's Hospital is now named Peele after George Peele, and as a commemoration to the work of the Peele family with the ancient foundation of the Christ's Hospital school. His helmet now shall make a hive for bees; And, lovers sonnets turnd to holy psalms. The fascist regime under Benito Mussolini banned the novel. A Farewell To Arms (to Queen Elizabeth) HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! 16th-century English translator, poet, and playwright, Horne, 4546, citing William Gager and the, Montrose, Louis Adrian. PORT: An Online Visual Arts Journal There is not enough information in the record to determine for certain to which George Peele she was actually married. Hemingway was ultimately taken to a Red Cross hospital in Milan, where he met and fell in love with a nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky. [6] On 5 February 1568/9 Isabel married Mathew Shakespeare, with whom she had eight children. HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; https://www.poetry.com/poem/15776/a-farewell-to-arms-(to-queen-elizabeth), Enter our monthly contest for the chance to, Full analysis for A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) . [28][29], His play Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First was printed in 1593. A Farewell to Arms is a novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, set during the Italian campaign of World War I. A New York Times review A long and painful labour ensues, and Henry wonders if Catherine will survive. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. There is also a poem, written by George Peel in the 1500s, called "A Farewell to Arms." (Check it out here .) Books Gummere, in Representative English Comedies (1903); and an edition of The Battell of Alcazar, printed for the Malone Society in 1907.[1]. A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) by George PeelePlain for Printing. But spurnd in vain. Its background of rustic folklore gives it additional interest, and there is much fun poked at Gabriel Harvey and Richard Stanyhurst. The credit given to Greene and Marlowe for the increased dignity of English dramatic diction, and for the new smoothness infused into blank verse, must certainly be shared by Peele. Nobody knows for sure if he even knew the poem existed. The Old Wives' Tale (printed 1595) was followed by The Love of King David and fair Bethsabe (written ca. For the 1929 novel of the same name, see, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Farewell_to_Arms_(poem)&oldid=1124134927, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 November 2022, at 14:23. In Peeles lyric poem, conventionally called A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth), a knight laments that he is too old to bear arms for his queen, Elizabeth I: Peeles poem reflects some of the core themes of Hemingways novel: duty, war, and masculinity. Haley Bracken was an Editorial Intern at Encyclopaedia Britannica in 2018 and 2019. HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! [1] Other plays attributed to Peele include Jack Straw (ca. Many anonymous Elizabethan plays have been attributed to him, but his reputation rests mainly on Edward I, The Old Wives' Tale, The Battle of Alcazar, The Arraignment of Paris, and David and Bethsabe. Sadly, their son is stillborn. During the late 1500s, the "Farewell To Arms" poem depicts what it means to be a classical hero through indirect characterization. . My golden locks Time hath to silver turnd. His pastoral comedy The Arraignment of Paris was presented by the Children of the Chapel Royal before Queen Elizabeth[27] perhaps as early as 1581, and was printed anonymously in 1584. O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! A Farewell to Arms is about a love affair between the expatriate American Henry and Catherine Barkley against the backdrop of the First World War, cynical soldiers, fighting and the displacement of populations. The editor of DayPoems will gladly assist in putting interested parties in contact with the authors. He is a dear boy and so cute about it. Once Hemingway began to recover from his injuries, the pair attended operas and horse races together. Poets A Farewell to Arms (poem) - Wikipedia The couple moved, and he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the expatriate community of the "lost generation" of 1920s. Juno and Pallas arraign Paris before the gods of partiality in his judgement. Other plays attributed to Peele include Jack Straw (ca. His helmet now shall make a hive for bees; And, lovers' sonnets turn'd to holy psalms, A man-at-arms must now serve on his knees, And feed on prayers, which are Age his alms: But though from court to cottage he depart, His Saint is sure of his unspotted heart. His Saint is sure of his unspotted heart. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. [1] The prior thirteen parts of Polyhymnia are each blank verse descriptions of pairs of contestants with vague impressions of their combat, though Peele does not name the victors. Whether or not Hemingway significantly revised the text of the entire novel after he had settled on A Farewell to Arms as the title, he must surely have altered at least the opening of the novel, for the brief first chapter, just under 600 words, serves as both ironic commentary on and refutation of Peele's reverent and patriotic poem. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In a diary entry on August 25, 1918, she wrote that Hemingway has a case on me, or thinks he has. [1], Sir Clyomon and Sir Clamydes (printed 1599) has been attributed to Peele, but on insufficient grounds. Hemingway wrote and revised A Farewell to Arms in 15 months. O Gentle Love, ungentle for thy deed, Thou makest my heart A bloody mark With piercing shot to bleed. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. In an article published in 1923, Hemingway referred to Mussolini as the biggest bluff in Europe. A Farewell to Arms was not published in Italy until 1948. 15 Wednesday Jan 2014. [1] The most familiar parts of Peele's work are, however, the songs in his playsfrom The Old Wives' Tale and The Arraignment of Paris, and the song "A Farewell to Arms"which are regularly anthologized. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms . A Farewell to Arms: Hemingway and Peele The tie between George Peele's " A Farewell to Arms " and Heming-way's novel seems stronger and more pervasive than the similarity of themes described by Mr. Jerome Mazzaro recently.1 The link between the works is not merely the comparable changes in Peele's courtier They decide to allow Henry and Catherinewho masquerade as architecture and art students seeking winter sportto stay in Switzerland. In 1585 he was employed to write the Device of the Pageant borne before Woolston Dixie, and in 1591 he devised the pageant in honour of another Lord Mayor, Sir William Webbe. Peele is said by some scholars to have written or contributed to the bloody tragedy Titus Andronicus, which was published as the work of Shakespeare. Modern Language Notes HIS golden locks Time hath to silver turn'd; https://www.poetry.com/poem-analysis/15776/a-farewell-to-arms-(to-queen-elizabeth), Enter our monthly contest for the chance to, https://www.poetry.com/poem-analysis/15776/a-farewell-to-arms-%28to-queen-elizabeth%29, 1101111101 11111101010 1111011101 1101111010 10111101101 1011110101 1101110111 0101011101 0111111111 011111111 1111110101 11111111 0111010101 1111110101 1101111101 1101110101 100111111 111111111. I'll teach my Swaines this Carrol for a song. "A Farewell to Arms (To Queen Elizabeth)" Poetry.com. Polyhymnia. Its realism has often been attributed to personal experience: the novel is informed in no small part by Hemingways own wartime service. [1] In the play, Paris is asked by Jupiter to decide which goddesses, Juno, Pallas or Venus should be awarded the golden apple. Epicanthic Fold: "If a guy somewhere in Asia makes a blog and no one reads it, does it really exist?" This praise was not unfounded. Remarques characters, like Hemingways, are remarkably disillusioned with the war. His father, who appears to have belonged to a Devonshire family, was clerk of Christ's Hospital, and wrote two treatises on bookkeeping. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. The book provided source material for the play The Puritan, one of the works of the Shakespeare Apocrypha. 1907. Horne. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The authors of poetry and other material appearing on DayPoems retain full rights to their work. Gummere, in Representative English Comedies (1903); and an edition of The Battell of Alcazar, printed for the Malone Society in 1907.). Its background of rustic folklore gives it additional interest, and there is much fun poked at Gabriel Harvey and Richard Stanyhurst. Corrections? His youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurn'd, But spurn'd in vain; youth waneth by increasing: Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen; Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. He wanted readers to experience the events of the novel as though they were actually witnessing them. MUSE delivers outstanding results to the scholarly community by maximizing revenues for publishers, providing value to libraries, and enabling access for scholars worldwide. Poetry, Film and Books Hot sun, cool fire, tempered with sweet air, Black shade, fair nurse, shadow my white hair. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway provided a realistic and unromanticized account of war. The Troublesome Reign of John, King of England, the immediate source for Shakespeare's King John, has been published under his name. I wasnt that kind of girl. She objected to the insinuation that she and Hemingway were lovers, insisting that Catherine Barkley was an arrant fantasy and that the affair in the hospital was totally implausible.. The case is then referred to Diana, with whom the final decision rests. George Peele - Wikipedia Diana, with whom the final decision rests, gives the apple to none of the competitors but to a nymph called Eliza, a reference to Queen Elizabeth I. Reputation --George Peele, "A Farewell to Arms" Ernest Hemingway published A Farewell to Arms in 1929, and the novel met with instant success--it sold so well that it made Hemingway financially independent. His father, who appears to have belonged to a Devonshire family, was clerk of Christ's Hospital, and wrote two treatises on bookkeeping. Chapter IV of the novel, which begins at the top of manuscript page 30, is labeled twice: as "Chapter IV," using Roman numerals as in the final published version of the novel, andin the upper right corneras "Chapter 3," in Arabic.4 Alterations to the first six pages make Chapter I a sort of impersonal prologue to the story of Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley and also establish a world view that methodically undercuts George Peele's views of religion and the monarchy. Hemingway and Remarque together set the precedent for future war novelists Evelyn Waugh, Kurt Vonnegut, Joseph Heller, Tim OBrien, Sebastian Faulks, and others whose work expresses a cynical attitude toward war and violence. Editor's poems A Farewell To Arms (To Queen Elizabeth) degree in 1577, and proceeding M.A. [3] No contemporary likeness of George is known, although he was said to be short-legged, dark complected, red haired, and squinting, although not necessarily from reliable sources. On the night of July 8, 1918, while handing out chocolate and cigarettes to soldiers, Hemingway was struck by fragments of an Austrian mortar shell. O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! In 1574 he removed to Christ Church, taking his B.A. A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway - YouTube Perhaps Huanebango, who parodies Harvey's hexameters, and actually quotes him on one occasion, may be regarded as representing that arch-enemy of Greene and his friends. He soon learns that she has been sent to Stresa, some 95 miles (153 km) away. His father, James Peele (died 30 December 1585), who appears to have belonged to a Devonshire family, was clerk of Christ's Hospital, a school which was then situated in central London, and wrote two treatises on bookkeeping,[1] The Maner and Fourme How to Kepe a Perfecte Reconyng (1553) and The Pathe Waye to Perfectnes (1569). His pastoral comedy The Arraignment of Paris was presented by the Children of the Chapel Royal before Queen Elizabeth perhaps as early as 1581, and was printed anonymously in 1584. "[13] He notes that jest books on famous subjects were common, including William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Colley Cibber, Thomas Killigrew, James Quin, David Garrick, Laurence Sterne, William Congreve, Lord Sandwich, Lord Chesterfield, Samuel Johnson, Falstaff, Tristram Shandy, and Polly Peachum.