Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism - ThoughtCo Why were some Italian Fascists unhappy with Mussolinis early years in power? This fascination with some of the darkest aspects of our shared past has meant that there is a huge wealth of material written about . Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. This resulted in the Great Purge of 1936-38. Angry at the growing resistance, Japanese troops killed as many as 300,000 civilians. authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Create a potted biography of an authoritarian state identified in the article. 99-100 - What was the 'Special Period' and why did it result from this? If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Lack of leadership. P2 - Authoritarian States | historychamps 81-82 - What events and influences caused him to adopt an increasingly Communist position? Course: World History Project - 1750 to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. Separately, Chinas envoy to the EU, Fu Cong, said in an interview published on Monday that Beijings cooperation with Europe and other nations was endless, just as its ties with Russia were unlimited. To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. These youth groups fostered a cult of violent masculinity, expected girls to aspire only to traditional maternal roles, and promoted the authoritarian belief of blind loyalty to the nation. First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. Paper 2 questions- Origins and development of Authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of Authoritarian States: - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors, social division, impact of war, weakness of political system. - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. The democratic elections of Weimar Germany were idealistic, as they allowed representation of a wide cross-section of society in the Government. What were his aims economically and socially? (Nov 2006. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) . -continued to have a relationship All nations have an official type of government as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Castro's Cuba | historychamps Despite the cutting-edge manipulative tactics and tricks of many authoritarian regimes, they are not immune from what is perhaps the central political imperative of this century: the steadily rising demands of citizens almost everywhere for capable, effective governance. Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation-state, while Nazism is a specific form of fascism that is based on the belief in racial superiority. The Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s had their differences. . During this time, about one-third of the Communist Party's three million members were killed. IB2 History/ Susanna Soininen The idea was that non- Italians could become Italian if they assimilated to Italian culture and pledged loyalty to the nation. However, in Indonesia the democratic process was suspended altogether and after about a decade of independence . If two examples are required these will need to be from different regions. The Chinese embassy in Paris issued a formal statement saying Lus comments were not a policy declaration but the expression of personal viewpoints during a television interview. The NSDAP, after becoming reallowed as a political party in 1925, changed their focus and used the democratic system of the Weimar Republic to gain power. 'Elsewhere these groups [like the Nazis] could have been ignored and allowed to die out. We have won power in Germany. The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. 96 - How did Castro see social policy? (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. With a lack of guidance from the top, disorder among the governors ensued, as some officials adopted measures the Kremlin criticized as excessive and others took measures that were deemed insufficient. In Eritrea, President Isaias Afwerki did not speak to the country from mid-February through mid-April. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda . How consistent was this vision to Cuba in reality? They reached out to the Nazis to help build a majority in Parliament. The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. With reference to Castro (Cuba) or Nasser (Egypt), to what extent did the use of force contribute tomaintenance of power? His military leaders used chemical weapons, forced starvation, concentration camps, and mass resettlement of African Libyans to make space for Italian settlers. Using the terms fascism and Nazism interchangeably is incorrect because they are not synonyms. Analyse the conditions that enabledoneleft-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. The ISW said while this tactic may be useful for maintaining authoritarian rule in the Kremlin, it is "disruptive" to efforts to command the military and results in "the return of formerly demoted . For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. A second weakness of many authoritarian regimes in confronting the coronavirus is their suspicion or outright hostility toward independent voices and civil society. Authoritarian Weaknesses and the Pandemic - Carnegie Endowment for A rising authoritarian wave. Paper 2 Section Description Authoritarian States Course Companion Book This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. They had to be conquered or excluded from the Italian nation. In some ways, their actions were like experiments, pushing the boundaries of authoritarian rule to see what they could get away with. Communist Party: -Fear of Bolshevik revolution. Authoritarian states present a broad and serious challenge to liberal democracies and to the liberal world order. In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. Some have, in fact, exhibited valuable decisiveness and clarity when confronted with the coronavirus. PDF Ib History Historical examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321-c. 185 bce ), the Qin dynasty of China (221 . After local resistance was crushed, Mussolini's regime established a tight grip over the region. - DEPENDANT GERMANY Italy became increasingly more dependant on Nazi Germany --> Germany supported when League of Nations tried to oppose their aggression In 1923, he was imprisoned for trying to overthrow the government. Dams, Diversions, and Development: Slow Resistance and Authoritarian (Nov 2010), Evaluate the successes and failures of one ruler of a single-party state (May 2007, 2005), In what ways, and with what results, was propaganda used byoneruler of a single-party state? Direct link to 121931's post How was authoritarianism , Posted 2 years ago. The Fascists craved revolution and total power, but instead found they had to cooperate with different, mostly conservative political parties. 'Chosen Leader' Theology Is Destroying Democracy Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. - abortion and divorce were illegal, -Racism appeared a bit in Romanita movement: 'prestigious race' needed to create and maintain empire To what extent did economic factors contribute to the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from a di erent region? ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. The first world war, from 1914 to 1918, was fought throughout Europe and beyond. You should be looking at the title, author, headings, pictures, and opening sentences of paragraphs for the gist. In this way, militarism and imperialism broadened Fascism's appeal. A devastating biological virus has translated into a damaging political virus that has markedly eroded the overall state of freedom in the world in just six months. Numerous nondemocracies, from Russia and Iran to Venezuela and Togo, have been rocked by significant protests. -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social . TTY: 202.488.0406, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that, Guidelines for Teaching About the Holocaust, Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 19181933, World War II and the Holocaust, 19391945, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. The conquest of Ethiopia prompted Fascists to set harsher boundaries of who could be assimilated and who could not. The pandemic has provided a trigger or opportunity for numerous nondemocratic or illiberal governments to impose new restrictions on civil liberties, persecute opponents, limit protests, delay elections, and introduce new mass surveillance techniques. By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. Before the onset of the Great Depression in Germany in 1929-1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party for short) was a small party on the radical right of the German political spectrum. Sexual norms were in flux. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. Many political parties had their own paramilitary units to attack opponents and intimidate voters. Amy Elizabeth Robinson is a freelance writer, editor, and historian with a Ph.D. in the History of Britain and the British Empire from Stanford University. Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) Before you read the article, you should skim it first. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power. 94 - How Communist was Castro? If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. - Explain the repeated waves of escape and the establishment of Little Havana in Florida, 98-9 - Outline the use of coercion by Castro as a form of social control. In the Reichstag (parliament) elections of May 2, 1928, the Nazis received only 2.6 percent of the national vote, a proportionate decline from 1924, when the Nazis received 3 percent . In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. NARRATOR: These decisions affected political officials, army members, peasants, ethnic minorities, artists, scientists, intellectuals, foreigners, and ordinary Soviet citizens. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. In recent months, countries such as Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Russia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan have passed so-called fake news laws related to the pandemic that criminalize criticisms of their governments responses to the public health emergency or even reporting of pandemic conditions that does not match the governments preferred narratives. The major conditions that led to an authoritarian state were treaties that were signed in the 20 th century. Ideology and more. Sources in the CBI told The Sunday Guardian that the Bureau is likely to widen the scope . To what extent was authoritarian control achieved in two 20th-century states? Thus, despite the spike in repressive measures that the coronavirus has produced so far, the medium- to long-term prospects for many authoritarian governments are less certain today than they were before the pandemic hit. INTRODUCTION. It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian states on the maintenance of power in those states. First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. Explore Museum suggestions for where to begin teaching about the Holocaust. They believed Japan had a superior culture, and could rule other Asians better than the European empires had. 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? 83 - How did Castro's policies on elections + INRA reflect this shift? The Chinese side respects the status of the member states as sovereign states after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mao said, adding that on the issue of territorial sovereignty, Beijings position was consistent and clear. We call these characteristics fascism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. Beginning in 1925, Mussolini tried to strengthen the party and expand its reach. What impact did this have? David has worked for two academic journals, Posted 2 years ago. Royal, colonial and authoritarian legacies in Myanmar - ResearchGate Such movements were a common feature of interwar fascism. Troops left the bloody battlefields and returned to a bewildering society. 4.1 The emergence of the authoritarian state in Germany, 1919-1934 164 4.2 Hitler's consolidation of power, 1934-1935 183 4.3 The aims and results of Nazi policies 210 . China rows back after envoy denies sovereignty of former Soviet states Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states (15) Economic factors play a major role in any nation and as authoritarian states rise and fall throughout You should include the following ideas from the unit content of Paper 2 Topic Authoritarian States: Emergence of the State. Crime was on the rise. This article details some of those experiments. His position and apparent support for Chinas efforts to play peacemaker in the Russian invasion of Ukraine contrasts with a more hawkish approach from the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency.